Cerebral Cortex:皮质-基底节区通路动态变化可能是帕金森病治疗关键

2022-03-02 影像小生 MedSci原创

PD患者运动启动的直接通路的信息流大量减少,无法释放运动,导致运动障碍/运动迟缓。通过直接路径恢复信息流可以恢复自愿运动的执行

帕金森病(PD)是一种神经退行性疾病,约1%60岁以上人群受其影响。帕金森病是由基底神经节黑质致密部(SNc)的多巴胺能神经元进行性缺失引起的,以运动和非运动症状为特征,如运动迟缓、强直、震颤、认知障碍、抑郁和自主神经功能障碍。这些PD症状表现为多巴胺缺乏引起的基底节区功能障碍

为了阐明帕金森病皮质-基底神经节通路的网络水平变化,Atsushi Nambu等在Cerebral Cortex杂志发表研究文章Altered Dynamic Information Flow through the Cortico-Basal Ganglia Pathways Mediates Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms该研究为PD的病理生理学增加了新的视角:皮质-基底节区通路动态信息流的改变是PD症状发生的基本病理生理学机制,其恢复是治疗PD症状的关键机制。

该研究记录了1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶治疗的帕金森病猴子的神经元活动。对运动皮层施加电刺激,分别检测苍白球内部(GPi)和外部(GPe)段,基底神经节的输出核和中继核的反应。

正常和PD状态下GPi和GPe神经元的自发放电率和皮层诱发反应

在正常状态下,皮质刺激引起GPiGPe的早期兴奋、抑制和晚期兴奋的三相反应。在PD状态下,皮质-纹状体-GPi直接途径介导的GPi的皮质诱发抑制显著减弱,而皮质-纹状体-GPe-丘脑下(STN)-GPe途径介导的GPe的晚期兴奋被延长。

L-DOPA对PD猴GPi (A-D)和GPe (E-H)神经元皮质诱发反应和自发放电率的影响。

阻断STN对PD猴GPi (A-D)和GPe (E-H)神经元皮层诱发反应和自发放电率的影响。

左旋多巴对帕金森病猴STN神经元皮质诱发反应和自发放电率的影响。

左旋多巴治疗改善了PD症状,特别是运动/运动迟缓,并使GPiGPe的皮质诱发反应正常化。肌酚阻断STN可改善运动功能障碍,并可解除GPi的皮层诱发抑制。

PD患者运动启动的直接通路的信息流大量减少,无法释放运动,导致运动障碍/运动迟缓。通过直接路径恢复信息流可以恢复自愿运动的执行

原文出处Satomi Chiken, Masahiko Takada, Atsushi Nambu, Altered Dynamic Information Flow through the Cortico-Basal Ganglia Pathways Mediates Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms, Cerebral Cortex, Volume 31, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 5363–5380, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab164

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