J RENAL NUTR:慢性肾病患者身体机能每况愈下?胃肠道症状多?可能你的营养已严重透支!

2022-03-24 网络 网络

患者报告的身体功能较低、胃肠道症状较多以及目前吸烟与营养状况下降有关。

患有晚期慢性肾病(CKD)的老年人因营养状况差和整体疾病负担高而成为高危人群。在这个弱势群体中,蛋白质能量消耗(PEW)的患病率很高,并且随着年龄的增长而增加。接受维持性透析的患者营养参数显著下降,而那些诊断为皮尤的患者有较高的死亡和住院风险。

除了正常的衰老过程外,尿毒症环境还会促进过早衰老过程。尿毒症衰老和皮尤的病因已有描述,潜在的机制是复杂的,但身体状况和心理健康都与老年人的生活方式、健康感知和虚弱有关。本研究的目的是探讨老年肾病患者透析开始前营养状况的变化,并确定营养状况下降的可改变危险因素。

欧洲晚期慢性肾病治疗质量研究(EQUAL)是一项涉及六个欧洲国家的前瞻性观察性队列研究。包括1103名年龄>65岁的成年人,他们的肾小球滤过率估计值<20 mL/min/1.73 m2,未接受透析,正在接受肾脏病治疗。营养状况采用7点主观整体评估工具(7-p SGA)进行评估,患者报告的结果采用RAND-36和透析症状指数。Logistic回归用于评估潜在风险因素与SGA下降之间的相关性。

结果显示,大多数患者在基线检查时营养状况正常,28%中度营养不良。总体而言,平均SGA下降了0.18点/年。超过三分之一的研究参与者(34.9%)营养状况恶化,10.9%的SGA严重下降。SGA低的患者比例每6个月增加一次。

在整个随访期间(最多4年),SGA的平均变化(点数/年)

SGA下降的患者肾小球滤过率和心理健康评分也有所下降。身体功能评分每降低10分,SGA下降的几率就会增加23%。基线时较低的身体功能评分、胃肠道症状和吸烟是营养状况受损的危险因素。SGA下降时,糖尿病与身体功能之间存在相互作用。

总的来说,在随访的第一年,超过三分之一的研究参与者的营养状况恶化。患者报告的身体功能较低、胃肠道症状较多以及目前吸烟与营养状况下降有关。

参考文献:Karin Windahl, Gerd Faxén Irving, Tora Almquist, et al,Patient-Reported Measures and Lifestyle Are Associated With Deterioration in Nutritional Status in CKD Stage 4-5: The EQUAL Cohort Study, Journal of Renal Nutrition, Volume 32, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 161-169, ISSN 1051-2276, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2021.03.006.

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    2022-07-11 jml2020
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