卒中后癫痫发作的护理指南

2015-10-26 phylis 译 MedSci原创

大约十分之一的患者在卒中后5年内发生癫痫发作。尽管大多数患者癫痫发作没有长期的影响,但是这对卒中幸存者和护理工作者都是件恐怖的事情。如果你正在护理卒中幸存者,下面是你需要了解的。什么是癫痫发作?癫痫发作是大脑异常放电的结果。根据严重程度,癫痫发作可能无症状的或者可能导致抽搐,意识丧失及其他剧烈的症状。癫痫发作在卒中后较为常见,但很少发展成为癫痫。卒中后癫痫发作很难预测,但是出血性卒中的患者比缺血性

大约十分之一的患者在卒中后5年内发生癫痫发作。尽管大多数患者癫痫发作没有长期的影响,但是这对卒中幸存者和护理工作者都是件恐怖的事情。如果你正在护理卒中幸存者,下面是你需要了解的。

什么是癫痫发作?

癫痫发作是大脑异常放电的结果。根据严重程度,癫痫发作可能无症状的或者可能导致抽搐,意识丧失及其他剧烈的症状。癫痫发作在卒中后较为常见,但很少发展成为癫痫。卒中后癫痫发作很难预测,但是出血性卒中的患者比缺血性卒中的患者癫痫发生的可能性更大。其他因素包括卒中的严重程度及是否涉及大脑皮层。

怎样辨别癫痫发作?

癫痫发作有开始阶段,中间阶段及结束。癫痫前几个小时或几天,有些人注意到他们的感觉或他们的感官的变化,有些人可能没有任何预兆,就出现无发描述的感觉,铃声、头痛或其他的症状。在癫痫发作时,患者可能失去意识,抽搐,流口水,反复眨眼,或呼吸困难。癫痫发作后,他们可能感觉困惑,反应迟钝并且疲惫不堪。

你应该怎么做?

如果你的病人在非医疗场所癫痫发作,你可以教育其家属采取下面的步骤:

将头放置在一侧,以防其窒息 - 垫起头 - 松开颈部衣服 - 保持气道开放 - 不要放任何东西在他嘴里,包括药物 - 不要限制他移动 - 移去任何他可能碰到的锋利或坚实的物体 - 注意发作的持续时间和症状 - 和他待在一起直到癫痫结束。

癫痫发作结束后,如果是第一次发作,持续时间超过5分钟,或者接着立即又一次发作,应拨打急救电话。

卒中后癫痫能预防吗?

临床医生建议还没有发生癫痫发作的病人,控制体重和血压,增加体育锻炼及饮食健康能减少癫痫发作的风险。第一次癫痫发作后,医生在处理之前可能想观察是否会继续发生癫痫发作。如果必要的话,应用抗癫痫发作的药物控制卒中后癫痫。

原文出处:

Teresa Bitler.  A Caregiver’s Guide to Post-stroke Seizures.  Stroke Smart. 2015,Aug 26.


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    2017-05-01 flysky120

    学习疾病的最基本的治疗

    0

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    2016-12-05 大耳朵图图

    0

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    2015-10-28 梦想天空

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=192495, encodeId=d596192495c5, content=学习疾病的最基本的治疗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Mon May 01 11:05:44 CST 2017, time=2017-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160440, encodeId=ac9d16044049, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=69471989027, createdName=大耳朵图图, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 15:16:58 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671205, encodeId=158816e1205be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f4e360191a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36019, encryptionId=9f4e360191a, topicName=卒中后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff7426824786, createdName=waiwai3039, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 19:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41745, encodeId=39a841e459d, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b911658392, createdName=梦想天空, createdTime=Wed Oct 28 10:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41501, encodeId=cf194150172, content=增加体育锻炼及饮食健康能减少癫痫发作的风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 14:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-27 vpssa

    增加体育锻炼及饮食健康能减少癫痫发作的风险。

    0

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