Lancet: 重磅研究发现妊娠糖尿病筛查关口应适当前移

2020-04-08 idiabetes idiabetes

合并妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇容易发生早产,且婴儿日后发生肥胖和糖尿病的风险更高。明确胎儿生长发生偏离的确切时间可以为妊娠期高血糖筛查和治疗提供最佳时间。近日,发表于Lancet Diabetes Endoc

合并妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇容易发生早产,且婴儿日后发生肥胖和糖尿病的风险更高。明确胎儿生长发生偏离的确切时间可以为妊娠期高血糖筛查和治疗提供最佳时间。近日,发表于Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol的一项前瞻性队列研究显示,与糖耐量正常的孕妇相比,妊娠期糖尿病孕妇在妊娠20周时,其胎儿体重有明显增加的迹象,并持续到分娩。这提示有关妊娠糖尿病血糖监测关口可能需适当前移。

研究概况

美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)、国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所(NICHD)流行病学张翠琳教授及同事开展了此项前瞻性多中心队列研究。研究于2009~2013年进行,纳入2458例基线无主要慢性疾病的孕妇,并随机分至四组:

A组:分别在16、24、30、34周行超声检查;

B组:分别在18、26、31、35、39周行超声检查;

C组:分别在20、28、32、36周行超声检查;

D组:分别在22、29、33、37、41周超声检查。


所有的受试者在妊娠10~14周测定血糖,通过病历甄别妊娠期糖尿病、糖耐量异常和正常糖耐量。研究者采用线性混合模型模拟胎儿的生长轨迹。

主要结果

结果显示,研究纳入的受试者中,107例(4.4%)患有妊娠糖尿病,118例(4.8%)显示糖耐量异常,2020例(82.2%)糖耐量正常。与正常糖耐量孕妇相比,妊娠糖尿病及糖耐量异常的孕妇年龄更大,肥胖或超重更常见,亦多具有糖尿病家族史。

妊娠期糖尿病与胎儿生长轨迹相关,孕20周起胎儿体重增加出现差异,孕28周胎儿体重增加差异显著(P<0.001)。孕37周时胎儿体重较糖耐量正常孕妇的胎儿的体重多118g(3061g vs 2943g,调整后P=0.02)。糖耐量异常与胎儿体重轨迹轻度相关(P=0.06),孕36~40周时,胎儿体重显著增加(图1)。


图1. 妊娠期糖尿病、糖耐量异常和正常糖耐量孕妇的胎儿体重生长轨迹

孕10~14周的血糖水平与胎儿体重轨迹相关,孕23周起胎儿体重增加开始出现差异,孕27周则胎儿体重增加差异显著(P<0.001)。孕37周时,孕10~14周空腹血糖水平>4.83mmol/L较≤4.44mmol/l的胎儿体重更大(3073g vs 2853g,调整后P=0.009)(图2)。


图2 孕10~14周不同空腹血糖水平孕妇的胎儿体重生长轨迹

研究者表示,这项多中心前瞻性研究结果显示妊娠期糖尿病与胎儿体重增加有关,并且这种相关性在妊娠20周即出现,于妊娠28周显著相关。研究提示应在妊娠24至28周(通常筛查妊娠期糖尿病)前开始监测血糖水平,以期缓解胎儿加速生长。

原始来源:
LiM, et al.Glycaemic status during pregnancy and longitudinal measures of fetal growth in a multi-racial US population: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.2020;doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30024-3.

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    2020-11-02 lovetcm

    #妊娠糖尿病##筛查#关口应适当前移,现在应该普遍筛查了!

    0

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    2020-04-11 howi
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    2020-04-10 xxxx1054
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    2020-04-09 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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由此可见,在儿童期和青春期,GDM比出生时体重大小更能预测代谢障碍的特征。出生时小于胎龄儿且暴露于GDM不会加剧子女的代谢疾病。

Obstet Gynecol:产前吸烟与妊娠糖尿病之间的关联

在调整了已知的危险因素后,产前吸烟与GDM的高发生率相关。在妊娠期间减少吸烟可能会降低GDM的风险,并且可能是在孕妇中促进戒烟的另一个原因。

Diabetes Care:妊娠糖尿病女性哺乳时间与2型糖尿病风险

由此可见,哺乳时间较长与GDM女性罹患2型糖尿病的风险降低和葡萄糖代谢生物标志物状态良好有关。其潜在机制及其对糖尿病并发症、发病率和死亡率的影响尚待进一步明确。

JCEM:妊娠早期三甲胺-N-氧化物代谢产物与妊娠糖尿病风险

由此可见,妊娠早期的TMAO代谢物与GDM的风险相关,而TMA更可能在GDM中起到因果作用。

JCEM:移民妊娠糖尿病风险

本研究表明,根据原住国,GDM的风险存在很大差异。风险关联仅受社会经济地位和BMI的轻微影响。