糖尿病患者的长寿秘籍来了!中科院团队分析显示,全面达到健康生活方式与2型糖尿病患者全因死亡风险下降58%有关

2022-03-13 奇点糕 奇点网

该项研究发现坚持健康生活方式,与糖尿病患者的全因死亡风险,以及与癌症、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病和消化疾病死亡风险的降低显著相关,并且这些关联独立于糖尿病严重程度。

随着糖尿病发病率的增高,糖尿病患者的健康管理吸引了越来越多的关注,尤其是饮食和运动这两大块,然而其他生活方式对健康的整体益处仍有待研究。

近日,来自中国科学院大学营养与健康研究所宗耕研究组的最新研究显示,糖尿病患者保持最为健康的生活方式,与全因死亡风险降低58%、癌症死亡风险降低43%、心血管疾病死亡风险降低65%、肺部疾病死亡风险降低74%消化系统疾病死亡风险降低72%有关,凸显了坚持健康生活方式的重要意义。研究结果发表在糖尿病领域权威期刊Diabetes Care[1]

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论文题图

国内外糖尿病管理指南中,都强调了生活方式管理的重要性,但既往大部分的研究只纳入了常见的几个生活方式因素,如饮食、运动、吸烟、饮酒等。睡眠、久坐行为和社会联系等因素,并未纳入到以往研究的生活方式整体评分中[2-4]

由于大多数生活方式和死亡风险关联的研究都集中在全因死亡上,特定原因死亡的研究就非常有限,特别是非癌症、非血管疾病死因[5]。这些特定原因的死亡占糖尿病患者死亡人数的近一半,而且这一比例仍在上升[6]。此外,不同严重程度的糖尿病患者是否可以从健康的生活方式中获益?这一问题仍有待解决。

因此,宗耕团队的主要研究目的,是探索2型糖尿病患者中坚持健康生活方式,与全因和特定原因死亡风险之间的关系。考虑到糖尿病严重程度对结果的影响,研究人员纳入了糖尿病患病时间、血糖控制、糖尿病相关微血管疾病和降糖药物使用等因素作为效应修饰。

研究者采用的数据来自英国生物库(UK Biobank),纳入的人群包括基线自我报告或电子病历中已诊断的糖尿病患者,以及随机血糖值≥11.1 mmol/L或糖化血红蛋白≥6.5%。经排除1型糖尿病,癌症和心血管既往史的人群后,最终纳入了13366例糖尿病患者。

该研究纳入了7个可改变的行为因素,包括4个传统的生活方式因素(吸烟、饮酒、体力活动、饮食),以及3个新兴生活方式因素(睡眠时长、久坐、社会联系)。研究者将每个生活方式因素赋值为0分和1分,做到得1分做不到就是0分,总分范围为从07,得分越高表明整体生活方式更健康。

具体做到或做不到是什么标准,大家应该也基本有数~

纳入的糖尿病患者中位年龄为61岁,35.7%为女性,生活方式得分为0-23456-7的人的比例分别为12.2%22.0%31.0%23.9%10.8%;在11.7年的中位随访期间,1561例糖尿病患者死亡,其中625例死于癌症、370例死于心血管疾病、81例死于消化系统疾病、74例死于神经系统疾病、296例死于其他原因。 

在调整一系列混杂因素后,数据显示7个生活方式因素均与全因死亡风险显著相关。与生活方式评分为0-2分相比,评分为3分、4分、5分、6-7分与全因死亡风险分别降低28%42%50%58%有关;生活健康评分每增加1分,与全因死亡风险降低19%有关。

具体到致死原因来看,生活方式评分与糖尿病患者因癌症、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病和其他原因的死亡风险呈负相关(趋势P值均<0.001),而与神经退行性疾病的死亡风险相关性不显著。

图片

生活方式评分与特定原因死亡的关系 

总的来说,该项研究发现坚持健康生活方式,与糖尿病患者的全因死亡风险,以及与癌症、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病和消化疾病死亡风险的降低显著相关,并且这些关联独立于糖尿病严重程度。不过未来仍需进一步的研究,来探索其它生活方式的潜在益处,以在临床实践中符合糖尿病患者的个人偏好和治疗需求,实现个性化的生活方式管理。

参考文献:

[1] Han H, Cao Y, Feng C, et al. Association of a Healthy Lifestyle With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study in UK Biobank [published online ahead of print, 2021 Dec 2]. Diabetes Care. 2021;dc211512. doi:10.2337/dc21-1512

[2] American Diabetes Association. 5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S48-S65. doi:10.2337/dc20-S005

[3] American Diabetes Association. 4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S37-S47. doi:10.2337/dc20-S004

[4] Young-Hyman D, de Groot M, Hill-Briggs F, Gonzalez JS, Hood K, Peyrot M. Psychosocial Care for People With Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association [published correction appears in Diabetes Care. 2017 Feb;40(2):287] [published correction appears in Diabetes Care. 2017 May;40(5):726]. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(12):2126-2140. doi:10.2337/dc16-2053

[5] Zhang Y, Pan XF, Chen J, et al. Combined lifestyle factors and risk of incident type 2 diabetes and prognosis among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia. 2020;63(1):21-33. doi:10.1007/s00125-019-04985-9

[6] Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Srinivasan M, et al. Trends in cause-specific mortality among adults with and without diagnosed diabetes in the USA: an epidemiological analysis of linked national survey and vital statistics data. Lancet. 2018;391(10138):2430-2440. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30314-3

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    2022-04-10 gous
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