特发性胸膜实质弹性纤维增生症中的肺动脉高压或肺动脉高压:更新的综合评价

2022-08-28 刘少飞 MedSci原创

本报告对PPFEi进行了全面的回顾,讨论了严重的毛细血管前肺动脉高压和右心导管检查(RHC)所显示的相关结果,这对心肺科医生来说是很重要的。

特发性胸膜纤维化病(iPPFE)是一个鲜为人知的实体,具有独特的临床、放射学和病理学特征。iPPFE是慢性间质性肺炎,其特征是胸膜和胸膜下实质的弹性纤维增厚,涉及上叶。计算机断层扫描肺血管造影(CTPA)通常描绘出双侧胸膜增厚,左侧呈扇形外观,条件是上纵隔和双肺希拉的结构回缩,伴有支气管空气的肺合并和支气管周围间质增厚,此外还有左心尖空气潴留的区域。当病情足够严重时,该病会导致上叶体积逐渐缩小,身体质量下降,并出现板状胸腔。一些iPPFE患者的病程是不可逆转的,最终导致不可逆转的呼吸衰竭和过早死亡。高达20%的患者可能发展为肺动脉高压(PH);经胸超声心动图可作为PH的筛查手段;在三级医院进行的右心导管检查可以确诊。由于iPPFE容易与感染性病变(如肺结核)混淆和误诊,也容易使对弥漫性肺间质疾病缺乏专业知识的医生感到困惑,因此,了解iPPFE的鉴别诊断、临床表现、影像学和并发症,可以早期诊断,使患此病的患者获得更好的生活质量。本报告对PPFEi进行了全面的回顾,讨论了严重的毛细血管前肺动脉高压和右心导管检查(RHC)所显示的相关结果,这对心肺科医生来说是很重要的。

IPPFE的流行病学:

由于iPPFE检测的不确定性、误诊以及缺乏一致的鉴定标准,其真正的发病率和流行率尚不清楚。一般来说,在转诊调查间质性肺病(ILD)的人中发现iPPFE的频率低于等待肺移植的病人。在一项研究中,在1,622名接受ILD研究的患者中,205个活检病例中有5.9%被诊断为iPPFE。

IPPFE的风险因素:

已有报道,PPFE的几个潜在启动因素,其中最常见的是骨髓和造血干细胞移植和肺移植。在双侧上叶iPPFE的个体中,经常会获得家族性肺纤维化的病史。据报道,在这些患者中,有高达57%的病例存在家族联系。

IPPFE的病理生理学:

尽管已经描述了几种疾病的关联,但还没有明确的单一病因被确定。即使没有肺部疾病的家族史,也可以在iPPFE患者中检测到基因突变。对参与维持端粒完整性和端粒酶功能的基因进行分析,包括TERT(端粒酶逆转录酶)和TERC(端粒酶的RNA成分),发现了临床上病理变异之间的联系。

身体检查:

一名35岁的男性患者,体重指数为16.16,没有相关的职业或病理个人史。吸烟指数为2.4。目前病情演变一年,有疲劳和进行性呼吸困难,干咳,体重下降不详。偶尔出现与咳嗽无关的用力时晕厥的情况。

iPPFE的历史背景:

iPPFE于1992年由Amitani首次描述为上肺野的特发性肺纤维化,2004年被Frankel确认为一个新的临床病理实体。从那时起,全世界大约有120个病例被描述,特别是在亚洲人群中。其中,约20%与结缔组织疾病有关。

结论:

本次审查的患者在断层扫描中符合影像学标准,可被列为高概率等级。关于土耳其小组在2021年提出的临床分类,该患者达到了20分,被列为iPPFE的确定概率。呼吸功能测试和临床数据(胸腔)与该疾病相符。

 

参考文献:

Cueto-Robledo G, Guerrero-Velazquez JF, Roldan-Valadez E, Graniel-Palafox LE, Cervantes-Naranjo FD, Cueto-Romero HD, Rivera-Sotelo N. Pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary arterial hypertension in idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: An updated comprehensive review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2022 Aug 23:101368. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101368. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36028054.

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    2023-03-06 lifestar
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    2022-08-29 huagfeg

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评估了大型且表型良好的 SSc 人群中几种 B 细胞活化标志物的血清水平,并测试了它们与各种疾病特征(包括器官受累、活动和严重程度)的相关性。

病例报告:一名患有肺动脉高压的男子出现双侧中央浆液性脉络膜病变样异常

在这项研究中,我们报告了一例PAH患者的双眼视力下降和变形,出现了中心性浆液性脉络膜病变(CSCR)样异常和视盘萎缩的病例。