病例分享:罕见病因导致急性肝衰竭一例

2018-01-09 国际肝病编辑部 国际肝病

急性肝衰竭(ALF)可因病毒感染、药物、中毒、自身免疫反应等所致,但还有相当一部分患者诱因不明。葡萄牙学者近日报告了一个罕见的由于乳腺癌弥漫性肝转移而诱发的急性肝衰竭病例。

急性肝衰竭(ALF)可因病毒感染、药物、中毒、自身免疫反应等所致,但还有相当一部分患者诱因不明。葡萄牙学者近日报告了一个罕见的由于乳腺癌弥漫性肝转移而诱发的急性肝衰竭病例。

简要病史

患者为女性,51岁,7年前因乳腺导管癌接受了乳腺切除术和辅助放化疗。7年后因肿瘤复发接受激素(氟维司群)治疗。

治疗第3天,患者出现疲倦、厌食、恶心和呕吐。

治疗第10天,因黄疸、尿色加深和大便颜色灰白收入急诊。

无饮酒、服药或服用天然制品史,否认近期出行。

入院时,患者的血液动力学状态平稳,无发热、无腹痛、无蛋白尿。

体格检查

仅见巩膜黄染。其他相关体征如肝脾肿大、腹水、肝性脑病、淋巴结病或皮疹等均为阴性。

辅助检查

白细胞减少(3.1×109/L),血小板减少(82×109/L),嗜酸性粒细胞计数正常,IgE水平正常。

AST 3170 IU/L(<34 IU/L),ALT 908 IU/L(<49 IU/L),GGT 1132 IU/L(<38 IU/L),碱性磷酸酶109 IU/L(<104 IU/L),总胆红素5.1 mg/dL(<1.0 mg/dL),直接胆红素4.46 mg/dL(<0.2 mg/dL)。

PT延长:20 s(<11.6 s),APTT延长:53 s.(<31 s)。

腹部超声示肝回声均匀、边界规则,见脂肪肝,未见结节或肿块样病变。

诊疗经过

进一步检查包括胸部CT扫描,HAV、HBV、HCV和CMV病原学检查、自身抗体和代谢相关检查等,但结果均不能提示肝衰竭病因。

经验性诊断推测肝脏毒性可能来自氟维司群,立即停药。但停药后患者疾病继续加重,出现肝性脑病并迅速发展为急性肝衰竭伴凝血障碍(V因子35%,AST 5530 IU/L,ALT 1810 IU/L,总胆红素8.6 mg/dL,APTT 55 s,PT 23.4 s)。

该患者有肿瘤复发禁忌行肝移植,肝功能很差无法进行化疗,经静脉肝活检对患者的管理无帮助,因此也不考虑。患者对支持治疗无应答,最后死亡。

尸检见肝内肿瘤组织广泛浸润,其形态学特征符合腺癌(图1a)。癌细胞单个排列成小簇状(图1b),具有高增殖指数(1c)。免疫组化染色为雌激素受体阳性、孕激素受体阴性、HER-2阴性(图2),与原发乳腺癌的诊断一致。



图1.肝组织学病理



图2.肝组织免疫组化染色

讨论

尽管氟维司群在应用时可能出现肝酶升高,但未见导致ALF的病例报道,本例患者的肝活检结果可除外这一假设。

肝转移是晚期肿瘤患者的常见现象,但由于肿瘤转移而导致ALF十分罕见。回顾ALT的文献报道,1950~2014年,仅有32例ALF是因弥漫性乳腺癌转移所致。

由于临床、实验室和影像学表现常无特异性,无法得出结论,对诊断是一个挑战。

肿瘤肝转移通常无症状,超声和CT造影可见局灶性肝实质浸润。但在报道的ALF病例中,影像学可无特异表现,肝实质无局灶性病变,肿瘤细胞弥漫性侵犯肝窦,肝实质不受累,因此肝脏表面光滑、形态完好、无结节。

肿瘤浸润所致ALF的病例绝大部分预后极差,发病后3天~6个月内死亡。乳腺癌弥漫性肝侵犯病例90%在发病后3天~2个月内死亡。在患者存活期间作出诊断非常重要,可帮助指导治疗。

尽管肝移植在这类患者为禁忌,但有少数病例因诊断不明接受了肝移植和辅助化疗并获得了治疗成功。也有少数病例在化疗后实现了ALF短期逆转,延长了生存期(9个月)。

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    2018-01-11 syscxl
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635796, encodeId=58e71635e9641, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5781499dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81499, encryptionId=9e5781499dd, topicName=肝衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fedc22527786, createdName=1249884fm94暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 18 14:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1290473, encodeId=133c12904e37b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fb34523817d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性肝衰竭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52381, encryptionId=fb34523817d, topicName=急性肝衰竭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f54230, createdName=xlysu, createdTime=Thu Jan 11 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1467261, encodeId=0dea146e26169, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef32e9539e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79539, encryptionId=ef32e9539e8, topicName=罕见)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29f36868190, createdName=syscxl, createdTime=Thu Jan 11 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277507, encodeId=ff8f2e7507f0, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Jan 11 10:56:58 CST 2018, time=2018-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277329, encodeId=61d82e732991, content=不错的文章值得推荐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Wed Jan 10 23:35:01 CST 2018, time=2018-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277057, encodeId=43782e705749, content=了解了解.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 10 06:30:33 CST 2018, time=2018-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277016, encodeId=0deb2e70167c, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 23:31:49 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277007, encodeId=61642e700732, content=学习了提高了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 23:04:46 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-11 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635796, encodeId=58e71635e9641, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5781499dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81499, encryptionId=9e5781499dd, topicName=肝衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fedc22527786, createdName=1249884fm94暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 18 14:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1290473, encodeId=133c12904e37b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fb34523817d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性肝衰竭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52381, encryptionId=fb34523817d, topicName=急性肝衰竭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f54230, createdName=xlysu, createdTime=Thu Jan 11 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1467261, encodeId=0dea146e26169, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef32e9539e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79539, encryptionId=ef32e9539e8, topicName=罕见)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29f36868190, createdName=syscxl, createdTime=Thu Jan 11 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277507, encodeId=ff8f2e7507f0, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Jan 11 10:56:58 CST 2018, time=2018-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277329, encodeId=61d82e732991, content=不错的文章值得推荐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Wed Jan 10 23:35:01 CST 2018, time=2018-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277057, encodeId=43782e705749, content=了解了解.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 10 06:30:33 CST 2018, time=2018-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277016, encodeId=0deb2e70167c, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 23:31:49 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277007, encodeId=61642e700732, content=学习了提高了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 23:04:46 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-10 131****2916

    不错的文章值得推荐

    0

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    2018-01-10 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.学习学习

    0

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    2018-01-09 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-01-09 杨利洪

    学习了提高了

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