Chest:ICU中进行青霉素皮试意义重大

2017-11-28 应颖秋 环球医学

2017年10月,发表在《Chest》的一项系统评价和Meta分析表明,重症监护单元(ICU)中青霉素皮试与窄谱抗菌药物的较大变化相关。

2017年10月,发表在《》的一项系统评价和Meta分析表明,重症监护单元(ICU)中青霉素皮试与窄谱抗菌药物的较大变化相关。

目的:有记录的青霉素过敏与发病率的增加相关,包括住院日的延长,也与广谱抗菌药物使用造成的多药耐药感染率的增加相关。超过90%的具有青霉素过敏史的患者对β内酰胺类耐受,而无不良反应。青霉素皮试(PST)是一种有效判断青霉素过敏的皮试。然而,对其在ICU中的有效性和可重复性仍存担心。本系统评价和Meta分析的首要目的为确定PST在ICU中的有效性。次要目的为鉴别ICU中的PST是否会造成抗菌药物选择的改变。

方法:研究者对Ovid Medline/Pubmed、Embase、科学网、Scopus和Cochrane图书馆进行了过去20年的电子检索。纳入了进行PST且记录青霉素过敏史的ICU和一般住院队列的研究。研究者进行了汇总队列Meta分析,以比较ICU和住院患者队列间阴性PSTs的比例。研究者也比较了两组在皮试后抗菌药物选择的改变。

结果:鉴别出17项研究:6项研究为ICU队列,11项为一般住院人群。ICU和患者队列的中位研究样本量分别为71例(范围 24~146;SD 48.65)和76例(范围 16~252;SD 67.48)(P=0.53)。阴性PST的人口加权平均数分别为95.03%(CI 92.5~96.7)和92.2%(CI 90.4~93.8)(P=0.74)。住院患者青霉素皮试造成了两组中窄谱抗菌药物的选择,而ICU选择更多(77.97%[CI 72.0~83.1] vs 54.74%[51.2~58.2];P<0.01)。

结论:青霉素皮试是一种有效和健全的排除ICU中青霉素过敏的检测。ICU中抗菌药物选择的改变更加显着。

临床意义:需要β内酰胺类的记录青霉素过敏患者应在住院期间进行皮试,这是由于皮试对个体患者结局和抗菌药物管理具有获益。


原始出处:
Keith Sacco, Scott Helgeson, J Saadi Imam, et al.Penicillin Skin Testing in the ICU is Associated With a Greater Change to Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics.October 2017Volume 152, Issue 4, Supplement, PageA13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.08.043

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    2018-09-18 Smile2680
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    2017-11-30 sunyl09
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    2017-11-30 gj0736

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