Lancet Neurol:B族维生素预防卒中? 然而...

2017-09-16 杨中华 脑血管及重症文献导读

B族维生素能够降低血浆总同型半胱氨酸(HCY)脓毒,可能对预防卒中有效。然而,维生素B12(cyanocobalamin)会降低肾功能,会增加肾功能损害患者的心血管事件风险。尽管早期的试验并未发现B族维生素能够降低卒中风险,但是这些结果可能和纳入了肾损害患者有关。在糖尿病肾病的患者中,维生素B12也是有害的,但是其降低肾功能正常患者的心血管事件。



B族维生素能够降低血浆总同型半胱氨酸(HCY)脓毒,可能对预防卒中有效。然而,维生素B12会降低肾功能,会增加肾功能损害患者的心血管事件风险。尽管早期的试验并未发现B族维生素能够降低卒中风险,但是这些结果可能和纳入了肾损害患者有关。在糖尿病肾病的患者中,维生素B12也是有害的,但是其降低肾功能正常患者的心血管事件。


2017年J David Spence等在Lancet Neurology上发表了他们meta分析结果,包含两项大型B组维生素治疗的试验(VISP和VITATOPS),结果显示肾功能受损的患者并不能从B族维生素(包括高剂量维生素B12)预防卒中中获益(RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.84–1.27)。不过,肾功能正常、未服用高剂量维生素B12的患者能够从B族维生素治疗中获益(0.78, 0.67–0.90; interaction p=0.03)。因此,作者认为采用叶酸和甲钴胺或羟钴胺代替维生素B12降低HCY浓度也许是能够获益的,应该对高卒中风险的患者进行研究。


哪些患者能够从B族维生素中获益?作者的观点为:


1.叶酸低消耗者。美国和加拿大九十年代强制在谷物中添加叶酸,这些患者从B族维生素中可能无法获益。


2.MTHFR 677C→T基因多态性者,编码转钴胺II基因纯合子GG基因型。


3.对抗血小板治疗不耐受者。


4.肾功能正常者。


原文出处:

Spence, J David et al. B vitamins in stroke prevention: time to reconsider. Lancet Neurol. 2017 Sep;16(9).


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