Alzheimers Dementia: 住院的新冠患者,和未感染者,血液学神经退行性指标有何区别?

2022-02-10 Freeman MedSci原创

在住院的COVID-19患者中,神经退行性生物标志物升高到在AD痴呆症中观察到的水平

神经系统并发症,特别是脑病,在住院的COVID-19患者中很常见,而且近50%的医院幸存者持续存在长期的认知异常。然而,急性和急性后COVID-19患者认知功能障碍的基础机制还不是很清楚。 一种可能性是,在急性、严重的COVID-19中遇到的长期缺氧和高炎症状态可能导致神经元和胶质细胞损伤,这可以用敏感的数字酶联免疫吸附试验或单分子阵列技术(SIMOA)在血液中测量。

在有认知功能障碍(特别是毒性代谢性脑病[TME])新发的临床证据的住院COVID-19患者中,血液中神经元和胶质细胞损伤的生物标志物会升高,而且神经退行性生物标志物的升高与院内死亡的风险较高和出院回家率降低有关。 我们进一步旨在比较住院的COVID患者和具有不同程度认知障碍(正常、轻度认知障碍[MCI]或阿尔茨海默病[AD])的非COVID对照组的神经退行性生物标志物水平,以衡量其脑损伤的程度。

神经丝轻链(NfL),这是一种细胞骨架中间丝蛋白,与中枢和外周神经系统中的轴突融为一体,已经注意到在COVID-19患者中升高,还有胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP),这是胶质/星形胶质细胞损伤的具体指标,以及泛素羧基末端水解酶L1(UCHL1)和总tau(t-tau),这是一种神经元特异蛋白。

磷酸化的tau-181(p-tau181)和淀粉样β(Aβ)40和42,它们是AD型病理的更具体的生物标志物。

值得注意的是,UCHL1、GFAP、tau和NfL在血脑屏障(BBB)被破坏后也会升高,这在COVID-19死者的神经病理学研究和AD中都有记载。

藉此,纽约大学医学院的 Jennifer A. Frontera等人,在没有痴呆病史的住院COVID-19患者中(N = 251),比较了血清总tau(t-tau)、磷酸化tau-181(p-tau181)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、神经丝轻链(NfL)。

在有无脑病、院内死亡与生存、出院回家与其他处置之间,泛素羧基末端水解酶L1(UCHL1)和淀粉样β(Aβ40,42)。还将COVID-19患者的生物标志物水平与非COVID认知正常、轻度认知障碍(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)痴呆对照组(N = 161)进行比较。

他们发现:入院时t-tau、p-tau181、GFAP和NfL在脑病患者和院内死亡者中明显升高,而t-tau、GFAP和NfL在出院回家者中明显降低。这些标志物与COVID疾病的严重程度相关。

COVID患者的NfL、GFAP和UCHL1比患有MCI或AD的非COVID对照组高。

该研究的 重要意义在于发现了:在住院的COVID-19患者中,神经退行性生物标志物升高到在AD痴呆症中观察到的水平,并与脑病和更差的临床结局相关。



原文出处:
[Frontera JA, Boutajangout A, Masurkar AV, et al. Comparison of serum neurodegenerative biomarkers among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients versus non‐COVID subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or Alzheimer’s dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online January 13, 2022:alz.12556. doi:10.1002/alz.12556](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12556)

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    2022-10-25 anminleiryan
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