Front Oncol:EGFR突变NSCLC患者EGFR-TKI治疗进展后MET扩增患者的不同治疗策略的疗效探索

2021-10-04 yd2015 MedSci原创

该真实世界回顾性研究表表明,EGFR和MET双重抑制可能是EGFR-TKI治疗耐药后的有效治疗方式。

晚期EGFR突变非小细胞肺癌患者的标准治疗时EGFR-TKI抑制剂。但是不可避免的是耐药问题。MET扩增是其中EGFR-TKI治疗获得性耐药的机制之一。而对于EGFR-TKI治疗因MET扩增耐药后的最佳治疗策略还不明确。因此,来自湖南省肿瘤医院以及湘雅医院的团队开展了回顾性研究,评估三种治疗手段在该类患者的疗效。相关结果发表在Frontiers in Oncology杂志上。

研究纳入2015年3月和2020年3月期间在医院治疗的EGFR突变晚期NSCLC患者。所有患者一线或二线接受EGFR-TKI治疗,进展后进行NGS分析,伴有EGFR突变和MET扩增的患者进行最后分析。患者分为三种治疗策略:EGFR-TKI+克唑替尼,克唑替尼单药和化疗。

一共70例患者纳入研究,其中EGFR-TKI+克唑替尼治疗有38例,克唑替尼单药10例和化疗22例。第一代EGFR-TKI进展患者中有57.1% (n = 40)检出MET扩增,第二代EGFR-TKI进展患者中有4.3% (n = 3),第三代EGFR-TKI进展患者中有37.1% (n = 26)。队列EGFR突变情况为:55.7% (39/70)为EGFR 21外显子L858R突变,40.0% (28/70)为EGFR 19外显子缺失(19del), 21.4% (15/70) 为EGFR T790M突变伴L858R (n = 5)或19del (n = 10), 50.0%(35/70)其他EGFR突变。

在接受EGFR-TKI和克唑替尼联合治疗的38例患者中,只有35例患者可疗效评估。其中PR为48.6% (17/35),SD为34.3% (12/35),ORR为48.6%,DCR为82.9%。只有17.1%(6/35)的患者没有从EGFR-TKI联合克唑替尼治疗中获益。10例接受克唑替尼单药治疗的患者中,40.0%(4/10)和30.0%(3/10)分别达到PR和SD, 30%(3/10)无临床获益,ORR为40.0%,DCR为70.0%。接受化疗方案的22例患者中,18.2%(4/22)达到PR, 31.8%(7/22)达到SD, 50.0%(11/22)无临床获益,ORR为18.2%,DCR为50.0%。与接受化疗的患者相比,接受EGFR-TKI联合克唑替尼的患者ORR (p = 0.026)和DCR (p = 0.016)明显更好,但与接受克唑替尼单药治疗的患者无统计学差异。

           疗效和预后

接受EGFR-TKI联合克唑替尼治疗的患者中位真实世界PFS(rwPFS)较克唑替尼单药(5.0 vs. 2.3个月;p = 0.007;HR = 0.88, 95% CI (0.42-2.42),调整的p = 0.036)以及化疗(5.0 vs. 2.9个月;p = 0.038;HR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.32, 2.06),调整的p = 0.024)明显更长。但是,接受EGFR-TKI联合克唑替尼治疗的患者中位OS较克唑替尼单药(10 vs. 4.1个月; p = 0.058; HR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.48-1.92), 调整的p = 0.17)以及化疗(10.0 vs. 8.5个月; p = 0.095; HR = 0.59, 95% CI (0.35, 1.8), 调整的p = 0.20)有所延长,但是没有统计学差异。而克唑替尼单药和化疗两组的ORR (p =0.22), DCR (p = 0.45), rwPFS (p = 0.30, adjp = 0.96), 和OS (p = 0.21, adjp = 0.66) 都没有统计学差异。

伴有TP53突变患者, 接受EGFR-TKI + 克唑替尼 (n = 17)治疗的中位rwPFS比克唑替尼单药(n = 8) (6.0 vs.2.3个月, p = 0.007, adjp = 0.208)或化疗(n = 16)(6.0 vs 2.9个月,p = 0.016, adjp = 0.048)治疗明显延长。但是,合并TP53突变的患者接受EGFR-TKI联合克唑替尼治疗(n= 17)有延长OS的趋势,但与克唑替尼单药治疗(n=8)(11.5 vs.4.1个月,p=0.077, adjp=0.599)或化疗(n=16)(11.5 vs.8.5个月,p=0.074, adjp=0.162)相比无统计学差异。

                合并TP53突变的预后

伴有EGFR扩增患者,接受EGFR-TKI + 克唑替尼(n = 13)治疗的中位rwPFS比克唑替尼单药延长(5.0 vs 1.2个月,p = 0.017, adjp = 0.046),中位OS也明显延长(10.0 vs.3.0个月, p = 0.02, adjp = 0.019)。而跟化疗(n = 12)治疗相比较,中位rwPFS (5.0 vs. 2.4 个月, p = 0.06, adjp = 0.094)和中位OS (10.0 vs. 6.0 个月, p = 0.35,adjp = 0.44)均没有统计学差异。

                 合并EGFR扩增的预后

对EGFR- TKI+克唑替尼治疗后潜在的获得性耐药机制包括:EGFR- T790M (n= 2)、EGFR- l718q (n=1)、EGFR- s645c (n=1)、MET-D1228H (n=1)、BRAF- V600E(n=1)、NRAS-Q61H(n=1)、KRAS-amp(n=1)、ERBB2-amp(n=1)、CDK4-amp(n=1)、MYC-amp (n=1)。

最常见的治疗相关毒性是中性粒细胞减少(n = 16, 22.9%)和疲劳(n = 13, 18.6%)。在接受EGFR-TKI联合克唑替尼治疗的38例患者中,1-2级中性粒细胞减少(n= 5)、1-3级转氨酶升高(n=4)、1-2级呕吐(n=4)、1-2级腹泻(n=4)和1-3级皮疹(n=4)是最常见的不良反应。在接受克里唑替尼单药治疗的10例患者中,最常见的不良反应是1 - 2级呕吐(n = 3)和腹泻(n = 2)。在接受化疗方案的22例患者中,1 - 3级中性粒细胞减少(n = 10)和疲劳(n = 8)是最常见的不良反应。6名接受EGFR-TKI联合克唑替尼治疗的患者(15.8%)和3名接受化疗的患者(13.6%)观察到3级或以上治疗相关毒性(p = 0.591)。没有观察到IV级、致命或意外的不良事件。

                  不良反应

综上,该真实世界回顾性研究表表明,EGFR和MET双重抑制可能是EGFR-TKI治疗耐药后的有效治疗方式。

原始出处:

Liu L, Qu J, Heng J, Zhou C, Xiong Y, Yang H, Jiang W, Zeng L, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Tan J, Hu C, Deng P and Yang N (2021) A Large Real-World Study on the Effectiveness of the Combined Inhibition of EGFR and MET in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Development of EGFR-TKI Resistance. Front. Oncol. 11:722039. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722039

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    2022-09-02 一闲
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    2022-03-31 jklm09
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    2022-08-06 minlingfeng
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    2021-10-06 lsj628
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    2021-10-06 liuyiping

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当前EGFR-TKI呈现“三代同堂”的盛况,不同代的EGFR-TKI间在疗效和安全性上均存在一定的差异。有幸邀请到湖南省肿瘤医院的杨农教授对ASCO归来的诸多收获进行分享,并系统比较了第一、二、三代EGFR-TKI的疗效、安全性和可及性,探讨未来的临床用药选择。

NSCLC术后复发转移的诊疗仍有难点,三代EGFR-TKI或可助力突破现状

手术是非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)实现治愈的主要手段,然而局部晚期尤其是ⅢA(N2)期的NSCLC患者,术后仍然面临很高的复发转移风险。特邀北京大学肿瘤医院的康晓征副教授对NSCLC术后复发转移的诊疗现状、后续治疗方案的考虑因素和二次手术的判断依据等热点问题进行解读。