病例分享:百草枯中毒6天全纪录

2017-12-14 沫沫 医学界

临床工作这么多年,我发现真正想通过服毒了却生命的病人,少之甚少,大都一时意气罢了!可情绪稳定下来,选择口服百草枯的人太悲惨了,因为他们在接下来的时间里,将目睹自己身体器官的衰竭,内心充满着懊悔、无奈、愤怒和恐惧……

临床工作这么多年,我发现真正想通过服毒了却生命的病人,少之甚少,大都一时意气罢了!可情绪稳定下来,选择口服百草枯的人太悲惨了,因为他们在接下来的时间里,将目睹自己身体器官的衰竭,内心充满着懊悔、无奈、愤怒和恐惧……

某日凌晨两点,一位中年男子因情绪低落,自服了网购的大约200ml的一瓶百草枯,2个小时后通知家属来医院行了急诊化验及洗胃等处置。

来院后急诊室——

查肝功能指标:谷丙转氨酶94U/L,直接胆红素12.3umol/L,谷草转氨酶44 umol/L,胆碱酯酶10492U/L,

查肾功能指标:肌酐68umol/L,尿素氮6.64mmol/L

查血气分析:PH7.4,PO2 74mmHg

因考虑行血液灌流治疗,六点钟收住ICU病房,抽血化验血生化。

当时患者生命体征稳定,神志清,有恶心感,呕吐多次,为胃内容物,伴少量血丝,无腹痛腹泻,无胸闷气促。

虽然医护人员表情很沉重,但患者自我感觉还好,一副不在乎的样子,内心觉得医护人员总喜欢把病情往重里讲。

中毒第1日 10:00

血生化回报:胆碱酯酶12398 U/L,肾功能肌酐148umol/L,尿素氮8.18mmol/l

经过肾内科医生会诊,家属同意,行股静脉透析导管置入后行血液灌流,加强毒物的清除;

并同时给予思密达30g+甘露醇250ml鼻饲,吸附胃肠道残留药物;

维生素C+谷胱甘肽护肝解毒,补液、利尿等处理,促进肾脏排毒;

西美泰缓解胆汁肝内淤积;

甲强龙每日500mg冲击治疗;

因有呕吐史,所以给予抑酸护胃等处置;

观察血压饱和度维持在95%以上,暂不给予吸氧。

中毒第2日

化验肾功能肌酐332umol/L,尿素氮14.65mmol/l,提示患者百草枯中毒引起急性肾功能衰竭,根据诊治规范,考虑在血液灌流的基础上实施持续肾脏替代治疗。

患者开始偶感乏力,无胸闷气急症状,仍抱着网上卖的百草枯有可能是假药的侥幸心理。

晚上,患者出现呼吸增快,血氧饱和度下降情况。

急查血气分析:PH7.38,PO2 34mmHg,SPO2 64%,给予患者低浓度吸氧纠正低氧血症。

中毒第3日

急查血气分析:PH7.40,PO2 52mmHg,SPO2 86%,继续给予低浓度吸氧,维持血氧饱和度90%左右。

查肝功能指标:谷丙转氨酶94U/L,直接胆红素34.9umol/L,谷草转氨酶75 umol/L。

查肾功能肌酐237umol/L,尿素氮12.69mmol/l。

虽然已给予血液灌流和肾脏替代治疗,但化验指标均提示患者相继出现肺脏功能,急性肝功能和肾功能损害。

患者呼吸增快后,皮肤巩膜出现黄染,口咽部开始出现溃烂,寄希望于百草枯为假药的侥幸心理破灭,情绪开始出现低落……

中毒第4日

查肝功能指标:谷丙转氨酶143U/L,直接胆红素101umol/L,谷草转氨酶98 umol/L。

查肾功能肌酐242umol/L,尿素氮12.77mmol/l。

查血气分析:PH7.41,PO2 54mmHg,SPO2 88%。

再次告知家属百草枯中毒致死量低,致死率极高,目前没有特效药。

患者黄疸加重,口咽部溃烂加重,吞咽口水出现疼痛,情绪出现极度低落。

病人及家属内心接受,放弃透析治疗。

医护人员开始启动临终关怀照顾,允许家属增加探视时间,增加陪护时间。

护士建议病人服用冰凉食品,减少进食时口咽部的疼痛感。

中毒第5日

查肝功能指标:谷丙转氨酶202U/L,直接胆红素118.7umol/L,谷草转氨酶141 umol/L。

查肾功能肌酐521umol/L,尿素氮27.14mmol/l。

查血气分析:PH7.36,PO2 52mmHg,SPO2 85%。

患者情绪低落不言,护士长开始心理安抚,鼓励他多想一些美好的事情。但他一张口就开始怨恨妻子破坏他曾经幸福的家庭,不满身为医务人员的姑姑不把他接到自己的医院救治,不满女儿探望时远远的站着……

护士长说服他放下仇恨,想想自己还有没有想见的人,想做的事情,愿意帮他完成最后的心愿……他讲出了:

自己对不起和他一起生活了15年的前妻,希望能够见到他的前妻,表达出他的歉意;

还觉得自己眼睛挺漂亮的,希望能捐献自己的角膜,帮助他人!

护士长帮助联系了他的前妻和角膜捐献库,他前妻表示可以考虑一下,角膜捐献库专家则表示,百草枯毒性腐蚀性太强,百草枯中毒的病人角膜无法捐献。

当天晚上,他开始真正意识到自己时日不多了,询问照顾他的护士,自己最多还可以活多久?护士婉言回避……

中毒第6日

查肝功能指标:谷丙转氨酶359U/L,直接胆红素140.1umol/L,谷草转氨酶246 umol/L。

查肾功能肌酐681umol/L,尿素氮39.29mmol/l。查血气分析:PH7.34,PO2 54mmHg,SPO2 85%。

患者情绪极度低落,口咽部溃烂岀血严重,黄疸严重,呼吸快。

经护士长的联系,他前妻下午来到医院看望了他,他眼神中表达了对前妻的歉意,但没有口头表达。

傍晚患者在家属的陪同下,转到了社区医院继续临终照护,亲情陪伴……

四天后

患者母亲、妻子、女儿的陪伴下

吮吸了一根棒冰后离开了人世……

百草枯中毒相关知识

2015年7月10日,第八届全国农药登记评审委员会十七次全体会召开,评审委员会一致同意:根据百草枯急性经口、经皮和吸入毒性试验结果,将百草枯毒性级别修订为剧毒。但这只是一个会议纪要,没有以公告的形式发布,目前农业部正在征求有关部门和公众意见,尚未形成法律文件,百草枯产品毒性仍以农药登记证登记的农药毒性级别为准。

百草枯又称对草快、克芜踪,本产品有二氯化物和双硫酸甲酯盐两种,对人毒性却较高,成人估计致死量20%水溶液约为5-15ml或40mg/kg左右。它是人类急性中毒死亡率最高的除草剂。

百草枯中毒的临床表现

局部刺激症状:

1. 皮肤污染可致接触性皮炎,甚至发生灼伤性损害,表现为红斑、水疱、溃疡和坏死等。指甲亦可被严重破坏或脱落。经口中毒者,有时亦出现红斑。

2. 眼部污染出现羞晖、流泪、眼痛、结膜充血和角膜灼伤等病损。

3. 呼吸道吸入出现鼻血和鼻咽刺激症状(喷嚏、咽痛、充血等)及刺激性咳嗽。4.经口误服口腔、咽喉、食管粘膜有腐蚀和溃烂。

全身中毒征象波及多器官系统,除大量经口误服较快出现肺水肿和出血外,大多呈渐进式发展,约1-3d内肺、肾、肝、心脏及肾上腺等会发生坏死,病程中可伴发热。

1. 消化系统:早期出现恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻及血便,数天(约3-7d)后出现黄疸、肝功能异常等肝损害表现,甚至出现肝坏死。

2. 泌尿系统:可见尿频、尿急、尿痛等膀胱刺激症状,尿检异常和尿量改变,甚至发生急性肾功能衰竭,多发生于中毒后的2-3d。

3. 肺损害:较为突出,病理组织学改变与氧中毒类似。大量经口误服可于24h内迅速出现肺水肿和肺出血,严重者可由此致死。1-2d内未致死者其后可出现急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS),再往后则出现迟发性肺纤维化,此二者均呈进行性呼吸困难,且大多由呼吸衰竭而致死。

中毒程度分级目前尚无国家标准,参考分级指标为:

1. 轻度中毒:百草枯摄入量<20mg/kg,除胃肠道刺激症状外,无其他明显器官损害,肺功能可有暂时性减退。

2. 中、重度中毒:百草枯摄入量在20-40mg/kg,除胃肠道症状外,伴有多系统损害的表现,数天至数周后出现肺纤维化,多数于2-3周内死亡。

3. 暴发中毒:百草枯摄入量>40mg/kg,有严重的消化道症状,口咽部腐蚀溃烂,伴多脏器功能衰竭,数小时至数日内死亡。

生命不易,且行且珍惜!人生纵有千百次不如意,也切记远离百草枯!虽然电视剧《急诊科医生》内,有一例百草枯中毒的案例,但大家没有看到病人的死亡,总觉得是骇人听闻!但今天看过这例病例,还会有人觉得奇迹会发生吗?医生的话是骇人听闻吗?

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    2017-12-16 mashirong
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    2017-12-15 cscs

    欲仙欲死说的就是这个

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1319061, encodeId=f32d13190610d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14d92231508' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22315, encryptionId=14d92231508, topicName=中毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Sat Dec 16 14:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1399115, encodeId=4bbf1399115c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1812e18986d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#百草枯#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71898, encryptionId=1812e18986d, topicName=百草枯)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=19562191272, createdName=xxxx1050, createdTime=Sat Dec 16 14:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269476, encodeId=c8f22694e6ac, content=欲仙欲死说的就是这个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201208/af76c3dece7248f2b297751d57470291/d45c15338e034c3f847da0bca70bfa4d.jpg, createdBy=3cfe1656094, createdName=cscs, createdTime=Fri Dec 15 02:17:34 CST 2017, time=2017-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269472, encodeId=d8152694e2f5, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Fri Dec 15 01:15:03 CST 2017, time=2017-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269470, encodeId=1fca2694e014, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Fri Dec 15 01:12:17 CST 2017, time=2017-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269465, encodeId=40a3269465e0, content=厉害了我的哥, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Fri Dec 15 01:02:28 CST 2017, time=2017-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-15 jihuaijun1112

    学习

    0

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    2017-12-15 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2017-12-15 飛歌

    厉害了我的哥

    0

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