Front Microbiol:斑块型和点滴型银屑病患者皮肤和咽部微生物区系的差异

2022-09-06 医路坦克 MedSci原创

银屑病是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病,本研究利用16S rRNA基因的高通量测序方法,对LPP、SPP和GP患者的皮肤和咽部微生物区系进行了分析,旨在为银屑病亚型的鉴别诊断和发病机制提供理论依据。

银屑病是一种由复杂的遗传和环境因素引起的慢性炎症性皮肤病,斑块型银屑病(PP)是这种疾病最常见的变异亚型,根据皮损的大小和斑块的厚度分为两种类型:小PP(SPP)和大PP(LPP)。银屑病也可表现为点滴型银屑病(GP),常见于儿童和成人。在被认为诱发或加重银屑病的环境因素中,微生物与银屑病密切相关。

皮肤微生物群由常驻和暂驻菌群组成,并随空间和时间动态变化。它与宿主的相互作用协调皮肤稳态。皮肤微生物群的生物失调被认为是慢性皮肤炎症疾病的可能原因,如特应性皮炎和银屑病。例如,在一项大型队列研究中,与未受影响的银屑病皮肤和对照组相比,银屑病皮损中皮肤微生物群的多样性和丰富性显著降低。如今,已证明银屑病中的皮肤微生物群生态失调导致角质细胞信号传导紊乱和对IL-17的易感性,这驱动了致病性IL-17或可能加剧疾病。

咽部(在人类微生物组项目中称为咽喉)经常暴露在大量吸入和摄入的微生物中,也是病原体定植的重要场所。定植的微生物与呼吸道的局部粘膜免疫系统相互作用并共存,维持呼吸系统的免疫稳定和平衡。先前的研究表明,银屑病(尤其是GP)通常是由咽喉或扁桃体的急性化脓性链球菌感染引发的。

尽管皮肤微生物区系在银屑病中被频繁研究,但银屑病患者的咽部微生物区系受到的关注要少得多。与已知的微生物群与皮肤病之间的关系不同,如金黄色葡萄球菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)与特应性皮炎、痤疮皮疹与寻常痤疮以及马拉色菌皮毛与脂溢性皮炎之间的关系,对于定义银屑病的特定细菌分类群尚无共识。此外,关于银屑病不同亚型之间皮肤和咽部微生物区系的差异,以及不同微生物区系与银屑病严重程度之间的关系的研究还很少。

本研究利用16S rRNA基因的高通量测序方法,对LPP、SPP和GP患者的皮肤和咽部微生物区系进行了分析,旨在为银屑病亚型的鉴别诊断和发病机制提供理论依据。

GP、SPP和LPP受试者皮肤微生物区系结构和多样性的比较。(A,B)基于每组皮肤微生物区系内的Chao1(A)和Shannon(B)指数的α多样性指数分析。框内的水平条表示中值。盒子的顶部和底部分别代表第75和第25个四分位数。(C,D)来自GP(绿色)、SPP(蓝色)和LPP(红色)组的未加权UniFrac PCoA(C)和加权UniFrac PCoA(D)皮肤微生物区系图。不同颜色的点代表了每组样本的皮肤微生物结构。*p<0.05。NS,无显著意义;PCoA,主坐标分析。

PP组与LPP组皮肤微生物区系组成及线性判别分析。(A)由LEFSE分析生成的分支图显示了PP和GP组微生物区系从门到属的系统发育分布。(B)LDA得分直方图,以识别PP和GP之间不同丰富的细菌。线性判别分析得分阈值设为4,LDA得分越大,3组间差异越大。

皮肤微生物失调与银屑病PASI和BSA评分相关。(A)散点图显示Shannon指数与PASI和BSA评分呈正相关。只有统计意义上的相关性才能显示出来。线性回归线在每个散点图中以红色(BSA)和绿色(PASI)显示,阴影区域表示95%的CI。(B)火山图显示了相对褶皱的变化及其是否显著。经Wilcoxon秩和检验,每个属(或更高级别的OTU)的p值代表了Pasi≥10组与Pasi<10组的丰度变化的统计学意义。红色气泡(增大)和绿色气泡(减小)的分布差异显著(p<0.05)。PASI,银屑病面积和严重程度指数;BSA,体表面积。

 

在这项研究中,使用Illumina MiSeq的高通量测序来表征PP[大PP(LPP,n=62),小PP(SPP,n=41)]和GP(n=14)患者的皮肤和咽部微生物组成。皮肤微生物区系LPP的α多样性和β多样性与SPP组相似,但与GP组不同。咽部微生物区系各组间无差异。根据线性判别分析效应大小(Lefse)分析,金黄色葡萄球菌、葡萄球菌、嗜氢杆菌、布列文氏单胞菌和变态杆菌-新根瘤菌-副根瘤菌-根瘤菌是PP患者皮肤微生物区系的优势属。皮肤微生物区系多样性与银屑病面积和严重程度指数(PASI)相关。中、重度银屑病和轻度银屑病具有不同的微生物区系组成。皮肤微生物区系可能与咽部微生物区系有关。此外,两个基于微生物区系的模型可以区分银屑病亚型,其受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AuC-ROC)分别为0.935和0.836。

总之,LPP患者的皮肤微生物区系与SPP患者相似,但与GP患者相比有变化,咽部微生物区系的亚型之间没有差异。皮肤微生物区系多样性与PASI相关。

文献来源: Hu J,  Lu W,  Li X,Microbiota differences of skin and pharyngeal microbiota between patients with plaque and guttate psoriasis in China.Front Microbiol 2022;13

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    2023-03-29 xjy02
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    2023-07-19 sunylz
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