反复胸痛3年 活动后气短1年:抽丝剥茧终确诊

2017-07-21 李淑媛 常见老年疾病用药:案例版

男性患者66岁,反复胸痛3年,活动后气短1年,加重伴双下肢水肿2周。始终未能明确胸痛原因,需要进行哪些辅助检查查明病因?

男性患者66岁,反复胸痛3年,活动后气短1年,加重伴双下肢水肿2周。始终未能明确胸痛原因,需要进行哪些辅助检查查明病因?

【学习目标】

1.掌握慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压导致的肺源性心脏病的治疗。

2.掌握慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期右侧心力衰竭的药物治疗。

3.熟悉抗凝治疗的药物选择。

4.了解栓塞性肺动脉高压的影像学改变。

病例介绍

谭某,男,66岁。

主诉

反复胸痛3年,活动后气短1年,加重伴双下肢水肿2周。

现病史

患者自3年前开始,反复于活动中出现胸痛,每次胸痛部位不固定,与呼吸无关,多于蹲起或坐起时出现,有时略感胸闷,但很快缓解,无咯血及晕厥,无咳嗽、咳痰,自述曾多次在当地医院就诊,行24小时动态心电图及心肌标志物等检查,排除了冠心病,行CTPA及双下肢CTV检查排除了肺栓塞(具体不详),但未能明确胸痛原因。1年前开始出现活动后气短,劳动耐量逐渐下降。2周前于活动时再次突发胸痛,气短症状加重,伴双下肢水肿,偶有干咳,无发热、咳痰及咯血,为明确诊治来院就诊。

病来近10天腹胀、食欲缺乏,睡眠欠佳,少尿。

既往史

否认冠心病、高血压糖尿病病史,否认慢性咳嗽、咳痰病史。

个人史

无吸烟及饮酒史,平素饮水少,喜欢打麻将,每次久坐6~10小时。

家族史、既往用药史、过敏史

均未见异常。

【体格检查】

生命体征:T 36℃;P 110次/分;R 32次/分;BP 120/70mmHg。

神志清楚,查体合作。颜面及眼睑水肿,口唇及四肢末梢明显发绀。颈静脉怒张,双肺未闻及干、湿 音。心界轻度向右扩大,心率110次/分,律齐,P2>A2,剑下心音增强,三尖瓣区可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音。肝肋下2cm,剑下1cm,质韧,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音4~5次/分。双下肢可凹陷性水肿,无杵状指(趾)。

【辅助检查】

血气分析:pH 7.49,PO2 46mmHg,PCO2 28mmHg,实际碳酸氢盐18mmol/L,标准碳酸氢盐20mmol/L,动脉血氧饱和度74%。

血常规:WBC 8.1×109/L;N 60%;RBC 5.2×1012/L;Hb 140g/L;PLT 126×109/L。

血浆D-二聚体0.45mg/L(正常值<0.3mg/L)。血浆纤维蛋白原3.82g/L,凝血酶原时间13秒(正常人16秒)。

血尿素氮12mmol/L,血肌酐82μmol/L。

血K+ 3.8mmol/L,Na+ 136mmol/L,Cl- 97mmol/L。

CTPA:近端肺动脉增粗,远端肺纹理稀疏,未见栓子。双下肢CTV未见血栓形成。

肺通气灌注扫描:双肺多发按肺段分布的充盈缺损,与通气扫描不匹配。超声心动图示右心系统增大,三尖瓣中度反流,肺动脉压力86mmHg。

心电图示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF肺性P波,有SⅠQⅢTⅢ征,电轴右偏。

【入院诊断

1.慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压;

2.慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期

右侧心力衰竭

Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭

呼吸性碱中毒。

来源:《常见老年疾病用药:案例版》

作者:李淑媛

参编:吴泰华 朱宁 李华 王丽 王哲

页码:220-222

出版:人民卫生出版社

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    2018-04-05 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

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    2017-07-23 ylzr123

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    0

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    2017-07-22 雅文博武

    学习了许多先进的医学知识

    0

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    2017-07-21 flysky120

    学习一下知识

    0

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    2017-07-21 往日如昨

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-21 1e0e5a1fm42(暂无匿称)

    henhao

    0

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