Alzheimers Dementia:经常练太极,可改善认知功能减退

2022-03-27 网络 网络

太极拳增强了MCI的认知训练效果。此外,太极拳和认知混合训练显示出延缓认知衰退的效果。

轻度认知障碍(MCI)是由阿尔茨海默病(AD)引起的痴呆症发病前的一个重要临床阶段。它发生在阿尔茨海默病之前,并且有50%的MCI患者(大约每年12%)将在随后的4到5年内发展为阿尔茨海默病。

推迟MCI的认知能力下降可能有助于减少新的AD病例,并减少护理和治疗痴呆症的支出。由于指南建议的预防效果有限,治疗AD的药物一般不适用于MCI患者(例如,仅在美国有胆碱酯酶抑制剂的标签外使用;在奥地利和德国没有证据),非药物干预措施在很大程度上被研究为延迟认知退化的效果。它们的效果是有待进一步解决的重要临床问题。

目前,MCI的主要非药物干预措施包括认知训练、体育锻炼、饮食调整和刺激技术。一项早期的大规模随机试验(独立和活力老人高级认知训练研究)有三种认知训练模式:处理速度、记忆和推理。每种干预措施都改变了老年人的相应能力,效果持续了2年。计算机化的认知训练可以远程进行,并被认为能有效地保护临床场景中的认知能力。

荟萃分析表明,计算机化认知训练对MCI患者的整体认知、选定的认知领域和社会心理功能有积极影响。如果用户有认知或感知障碍,数字应用的可用性障碍将是一个问题。该应用程序是专门为MCI设计的,而且很容易被老年人使用。在我们以前的研究中,我们对MCI患者进行了为期6个月的在线多模型认知任务训练。MCI患者在记忆、注意力和执行功能方面都有好处。然而,在1年的随访中,训练效果不再显著。


在体育锻炼方面,中国传统的身心运动--太极拳,也显示出对MCI的干预作用。它是一种温和的心理生理学运动,适合于长者,也很安全。它包括一个姿势和慢动作的组合,参与者需要记住所有的姿势和动作。除了帮助平衡控制、灵活性和肌肉力量外,它还强调精神集中、记忆程序、身体平衡和放松。一项包括12项临床试验的荟萃分析研究发现,太极拳运动对全局认知能力和长期延迟回忆能力以及执行功能有很大的有益影响。

基于上述证据,我们首先假设太极拳可以进一步加强认知训练,帮助延迟MCI的认知衰退。该结果将有助于医生决定是否为MCI患者同时开出认知训练和太极拳。临床医生的另一个关键问题是干预应该持续多长时间。太极拳对MCI的长期和训练后效果尚不清楚,而认知和太极拳混合训练的效果也需要进一步评估。

藉此,上海交通大学瑞金医院的陈生弟团队,开展了前瞻性的临床试验,招募了MCI患者,并将他们分成三组:认知训练(CT)组、太极和认知训练(MixT)组和对照组。

(1)他们探讨了第一个12个月训练后的即时效果。
(2)然后,探究第二个12个月训练后的减弱效果(训练后效果)。
(3)随后,原来的混合训练组进行了12个月的训练,还有一个分组继续训练了12个月。在总共24个月的时间里评估了混合训练的长期效果。


他们发现:在头12个月,MixT组和CT组都从训练中受益。

与CT组相比,MixT对基线有额外的积极影响。

此外,与短时训练相比,长时间的混合训练进一步延缓了整体认知和记忆的下降。

功能性磁共振成像显示,CT和MixT的区域活动增加更多。


该研究的重要意义在于发现了:太极拳增强了MCI的认知训练效果。此外,太极拳和认知混合训练显示出延缓认知衰退的效果。



原文出处:
Li B, Tang H, He G, et al. Tai Chi enhances cognitive training effects on delaying cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online March 15, 2022:alz.12658. doi:10.1002/alz.12658

 

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    2022-03-31 anminleiryan

    #ERS#

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    2022-08-09 linlin2323

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    2023-01-01 dingxiaobo
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    2022-03-26 ms49895894946433513521

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    2022-09-05 steven_u9

    #太极#

    0

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本研究通过严谨的范围综述方法,首次系统整合了能够同时导致精神病和认知衰退的罕见遗传病谱系,确认了52种疾病及90个基因与该临床表型的关联。

2 型糖尿病遗传风险越高,痴呆风险越大?超 43 万人研究给出明确答案

该研究明确了 2 型糖尿病多基因风险与痴呆的阈值效应,提示对遗传负荷前 5% 的人群开展早期干预具有重要临床意义。

哈佛 13 万人追踪 43 年:每天 2 杯咖啡,痴呆风险降 18%!但超过这个量就没用了

常喝含咖啡因的咖啡和茶,确实能降低痴呆风险——但前提是,别喝多。

Chin Med:经典名方的剂量密码!大剂量黄芪是补阳还五汤起效核心,改善慢性脑缺血、防痴呆关键

该研究证实了大剂量黄芪在补阳还五汤中的核心地位,将中医 “气行则血行” 的传统理论与现代神经血管耦合的生理机制相衔接,为经典名方的临床剂量标准化应用提供了坚实的实验依据。

Nutrients:尿酸偏高,反而能降低老年认知衰退风险?

高尿酸血症仍是痛风、心血管疾病和慢性肾病的明确危险因素,临床治疗仍需严格遵循现有指南。未来需开展更长随访、更全面数据收集的研究,以明确尿酸与认知障碍的因果关系。

JAMA Health Forum:机构特殊需求计划(I-SNP)显著降低痴呆老人临终过度医疗

这项大规模研究证实,I-SNP 是减少养老院痴呆患者临终侵入性医疗干预的有效模式。

2025 CCSHM临床实践指南:痴呆的行为和精神症状(BPSD)的评估和管理

加拿大老年人心理健康联盟(CCSHM,Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health) · 2025-03-01

2024 ACR 适当性标准®痴呆

美国放射学会(ACR,American College of Radiology) · 2024-12-17