Alzheimers Dementia:经常练太极,可改善认知功能减退

2022-03-27 网络 网络

太极拳增强了MCI的认知训练效果。此外,太极拳和认知混合训练显示出延缓认知衰退的效果。

轻度认知障碍(MCI)是由阿尔茨海默病(AD)引起的痴呆症发病前的一个重要临床阶段。它发生在阿尔茨海默病之前,并且有50%的MCI患者(大约每年12%)将在随后的4到5年内发展为阿尔茨海默病。

推迟MCI的认知能力下降可能有助于减少新的AD病例,并减少护理和治疗痴呆症的支出。由于指南建议的预防效果有限,治疗AD的药物一般不适用于MCI患者(例如,仅在美国有胆碱酯酶抑制剂的标签外使用;在奥地利和德国没有证据),非药物干预措施在很大程度上被研究为延迟认知退化的效果。它们的效果是有待进一步解决的重要临床问题。

目前,MCI的主要非药物干预措施包括认知训练、体育锻炼、饮食调整和刺激技术。一项早期的大规模随机试验(独立和活力老人高级认知训练研究)有三种认知训练模式:处理速度、记忆和推理。每种干预措施都改变了老年人的相应能力,效果持续了2年。计算机化的认知训练可以远程进行,并被认为能有效地保护临床场景中的认知能力。

荟萃分析表明,计算机化认知训练对MCI患者的整体认知、选定的认知领域和社会心理功能有积极影响。如果用户有认知或感知障碍,数字应用的可用性障碍将是一个问题。该应用程序是专门为MCI设计的,而且很容易被老年人使用。在我们以前的研究中,我们对MCI患者进行了为期6个月的在线多模型认知任务训练。MCI患者在记忆、注意力和执行功能方面都有好处。然而,在1年的随访中,训练效果不再显著。


在体育锻炼方面,中国传统的身心运动--太极拳,也显示出对MCI的干预作用。它是一种温和的心理生理学运动,适合于长者,也很安全。它包括一个姿势和慢动作的组合,参与者需要记住所有的姿势和动作。除了帮助平衡控制、灵活性和肌肉力量外,它还强调精神集中、记忆程序、身体平衡和放松。一项包括12项临床试验的荟萃分析研究发现,太极拳运动对全局认知能力和长期延迟回忆能力以及执行功能有很大的有益影响。

基于上述证据,我们首先假设太极拳可以进一步加强认知训练,帮助延迟MCI的认知衰退。该结果将有助于医生决定是否为MCI患者同时开出认知训练和太极拳。临床医生的另一个关键问题是干预应该持续多长时间。太极拳对MCI的长期和训练后效果尚不清楚,而认知和太极拳混合训练的效果也需要进一步评估。

藉此,上海交通大学瑞金医院的陈生弟团队,开展了前瞻性的临床试验,招募了MCI患者,并将他们分成三组:认知训练(CT)组、太极和认知训练(MixT)组和对照组。

(1)他们探讨了第一个12个月训练后的即时效果。
(2)然后,探究第二个12个月训练后的减弱效果(训练后效果)。
(3)随后,原来的混合训练组进行了12个月的训练,还有一个分组继续训练了12个月。在总共24个月的时间里评估了混合训练的长期效果。


他们发现:在头12个月,MixT组和CT组都从训练中受益。

与CT组相比,MixT对基线有额外的积极影响。

此外,与短时训练相比,长时间的混合训练进一步延缓了整体认知和记忆的下降。

功能性磁共振成像显示,CT和MixT的区域活动增加更多。


该研究的重要意义在于发现了:太极拳增强了MCI的认知训练效果。此外,太极拳和认知混合训练显示出延缓认知衰退的效果。



原文出处:
Li B, Tang H, He G, et al. Tai Chi enhances cognitive training effects on delaying cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online March 15, 2022:alz.12658. doi:10.1002/alz.12658

 

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    2022-03-31 anminleiryan
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    2022-09-05 steven_u9

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痴呆症是一种复杂的疾病,主要表现为认知能力下降,由遗传和环境因素共同影响。目前,

Alzheimers Dementia:白天小憩,和痴呆有何关系?

白天过度的午睡和阿尔茨海默氏症可能具有双向关系,或有共同的病理生理机制。

拓展阅读

Annals of Neurology:减缓衰老,还降低痴呆风险!这种饮食模式或将成为研究大热门

一项来自美国的研究发现,坚持MIND饮食与痴呆症患病风险和死亡率的降低有关。作者表明,健康饮食能够减缓衰老对人体的影响,包括对大脑的影响。

超65万人研究:注意力不集中、思维混乱……老年人有这些表现,痴呆风险高3倍!

谵妄是导致老年人痴呆和死亡的强有力危险因素,相比于无谵妄发作的患者,至少有一次谵妄发作的住院老年患者新确诊痴呆的风险高出3倍,每增加一次谵妄发作,痴呆风险增加20%。

警惕中老年“胖瘦子”!新研究:肌肉流失和过度肥胖或与痴呆、死亡相关

一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究基于英国生物银行的数据,探索了肌肉减少性肥胖和肌肉减少症与痴呆风险的关系,发现肌肉减少性肥胖和肌肉减少症分别与不同程度的痴呆风险增加相关。

JAMDA:高血脂能让痴呆风险升高51%!

,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

痴呆风险升高51%!北大&协和医学院团队研究:高血脂的人要注意

近日,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

横跨75年研究:脑子越大,越不容易痴呆?

人类的大脑是在变大还是变小?大脑越大就越健康吗?

2023 国际指南:体力活动和锻炼用于轻度认知障碍和痴呆的预防和管理

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痴呆患者睡眠障碍管理的最佳证据总结

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痴呆诊断中PET临床合理化应用中国专家共识(2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

痴呆诊断中 PET 临床合理化应用中国专家共识 (2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

中药新药用于痴呆的临床研究技术指导原则(征求意见稿)

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