Alzheimers Dementia:痴呆相关的医疗开支,有何特点?

2022-03-26 网络 网络

由于增量成本的分布随时间和保险项目的不同而不同

目前,美国有600多万成年人患有阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症(ADRD)。目前的估计表明,ADRD的成本是医疗保险(A部分和B部分),每人每年3019美元至10598美元(2017年美元)。

医疗补助计划是为低收入人群提供的公共保险计划,也是美国长期护理的主要支付者,其成本往往被忽视。由于ADRD的特点是认知障碍导致日常活动困难,长期护理的支出可能相当大。 医疗补助在支付这些支出中的作用也是相当大的,因为超过四分之一的ADRD患者有双重资格(由医疗保险和医疗补助覆盖),而普通人群中只有11%。

有四份报告估计了全国医疗补助的成本,依靠的是自我报告的使用情况和推算的医疗补助支出。医疗保险和医疗补助。

除了估计的成本不完整外,文献主要集中在根据流行的病例来估计成本。流行的成本估计对于了解当前的支出是有用的,但如果病例组合在变化,或者疾病的成本在疾病的过程中变化,那么对于预测未来的成本作用有限。 最近的工作表明,这两种情况都在发生。

在高收入国家,ADRD的发病率正在下降,导致了病例组合的变化,而且有证据表明,与痴呆症有关的费用根据诊断后的时间或死亡前的时间有很大的不同。

藉此,宾夕法利亚大学的Norma B. Coe等人通过医疗保险(A、B和D部分)和医疗补助计划估计ADRD在诊断后头5年内对公共财政的增量成本。

他们估计总支出和按成本组成部分(住院病人、处方药、疗养院和家庭保健以及其他支出)的支出,以了解哪些使用情况在推动成本。

他们使用与医疗保险和医疗补助报销相匹配的健康和退休研究的数据,确定了一个具有基于报销的ADRD诊断的成年人的回顾性队列,以及匹配的对照。

在诊断后的头5年中,每个痴呆病例的ADRD成本为15632美元,医疗补助为8833美元。

70%的医疗保险费用发生在头两年;医疗补助费用集中在寿命较长的受益人身上,他们更有可能需要长期护理并成为医疗补助的对象。

这个研究的中意义:由于增量成本的分布随时间和保险项目的不同而不同,干预措施何时发生,以及对疾病过程的影响,将对多少和哪个项目获得收益产生影响。


原文出处:
Coe NB, White L, Oney M, Basu A, Larson EB. Public spending on acute and long‐term care for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online March 16, 2022:alz.12657. doi:10.1002/alz.12657

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    2022-04-09 anminleiryan
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    2022-03-23 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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