Alzheimers Dementia:调查中国农村5000人,认知障碍有何具体特点?

2022-03-30 网络 网络

在中国,超过四分之一的农村老年人受到MCI的影响

轻度认知障碍(MCI)被认为是正常衰老和痴呆之间的一个中间阶段。在过去的20年里,MCI的概念不断发展,以适应病因和预后结果的异质性,将MCI区分为不同的亚型。记忆性MCI(amnestic MCI)是MCI最常见的亚型,涉及记忆障碍,更有可能发展为典型的阿尔茨海默病(AD),而非记忆性MCI(naMCI)涉及记忆以外的认知领域的障碍,更经常发展为非典型的AD和其他类型的痴呆(如血管性痴呆、路易体痴呆和额颞叶痴呆)。

在过去的二十年里,一些基于人口的研究报告了中国老年人中MCI的患病率,患病率从5%到28%不等。MCI患病率的范围很广,部分原因是研究人群的人口学特征不同,以及用于定义MCI的神经心理学测试和操作标准不同。

以前的研究大多以受教育程度较高或社会经济地位较高的城市人口为对象,而来自农村人口的数据则很稀少。此外,中国的大多数流行病学研究只使用简单的认知筛查测试来定义MCI,如迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA),而标准的神经心理学测试组合很少被用来定义MCI和MCI的亚型。因此,中国MCI的流行病学数据可能无法与那些采用基于指南的方法来定义MCI及其亚型的研究相比较。事实上,简单的认知筛查工具和全面的神经心理学测试电池都被推荐用于评估和定义MCI的实践指南。此外,目前的指南建议,MCI的诊断应最终基于对认知功能和功能状态的临床评估,而不是仅仅基于特定的测试分数。综上所述,关于中国老年人MCI的流行病学和主要MCI亚型的知识仍然是空白,特别是在农村居住的老年人中,MCI和MCI亚型的定义是按照国际标准的标准。

藉此,山东大学的Lin Cong等人,在这项以社区为基础的中国农村老年人的研究中,并采用标准的方法来定义MCI和MCI亚型,将神经心理学评估与临床诊断共识相结合。

核心目的是:
(1)确定MCI、aMCI和naMCI的患病率;
(2)研究MCI及其亚型与人口统计学特征、生活方式、临床因素和脂蛋白E(APOE)基因型的横断面关联。

这项基于人口的研究包括5068名居住在农村社区的参与者(年龄≥60岁)。

他们按照Petersen的标准定义了MCI、失忆性MCI(aMCI)和非失忆性MCI(naMCI),该标准将神经心理学评估与亲自临床评估结合起来。

他们发现:MCI、aMCI和naMCI的总流行率分别为26.48%、22.30%和4.18%。MCI的发病率随年龄增长而增加。

调整后的MCI概率(OR)为:小学(相对于文盲)0.71(95%置信区间[CI]0.61至0.82),初中或以上0.30(0.24至0.39),1.35(1.09至1. 67)为农民,0.65(0.54至0.78)为饮酒,1.43(1.20至1.70)为中风史,1.14(0.95至1.36)为任何脂蛋白E(APOE)ε4等位基因(vs ε3/ε3)。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:在中国,超过四分之一的农村老年人受到MCI的影响。总体而言,MCI与人口统计学因素、非酒精消费和中风有关,但与APOE基因型和心脏代谢因素无关。

原文出处:

[Cong L, Ren Y, Wang Y, et al. Mild cognitive impairment among rural‐dwelling older adults in China: A community‐based study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online March 9, 2022:alz.12629. doi:10.1002/alz.12629](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12629)

评论区 (5)
#插入话题
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    2022-12-28 linlin2323

    #dementia#

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    2022-08-05 anminleiryan

    #ERS#

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    2022-08-05 dingxiaobo
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    2022-03-28 ms49895894946433513521

    #MERS#

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    2022-03-28 daviiliu

    #农村#

    0

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JAMA Intern Med | 独居认知障碍老人的用药危机:无人提醒、恐惧副作用与系统缺位

研究指出,虽然59.3%的社会联系人居住在10英里范围内,但他们提供的支持多为间歇性,难以覆盖日常用药的全流程。

Lancet子刊:沉浸式康复新突破,VR 认知矫正显著改善心境与精神病谱系障碍患者功能

这项研究为精神疾病的认知康复开辟了新的道路,VR-CRT有望成为一种可扩展、高依从性的跨诊断治疗手段,帮助更多精神疾病患者回归正常生活。

生物钟基因与认知障碍疾病的相关性研究进展

生物钟基因紊乱通过神经炎症、线粒体损伤、Aβ沉积、tau过度磷酸化等通路介导认知障碍,与PND、PD、AD病理高度重叠。靶向节律调控为干预提供新方向。

CGP 指南·共识 | 认知障碍患者居家康复管理的中国专家共识(2026版)

旨在为社区医务人员及照护者提供科学、实用的居家康复指导,提升家庭康复能力,延缓疾病进展,改善患者与照护者的生活质量。康复服

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