Alzheimers Dementia:调查中国农村5000人,认知障碍有何具体特点?

2022-03-30 网络 网络

在中国,超过四分之一的农村老年人受到MCI的影响

轻度认知障碍(MCI)被认为是正常衰老和痴呆之间的一个中间阶段。在过去的20年里,MCI的概念不断发展,以适应病因和预后结果的异质性,将MCI区分为不同的亚型。记忆性MCI(amnestic MCI)是MCI最常见的亚型,涉及记忆障碍,更有可能发展为典型的阿尔茨海默病(AD),而非记忆性MCI(naMCI)涉及记忆以外的认知领域的障碍,更经常发展为非典型的AD和其他类型的痴呆(如血管性痴呆、路易体痴呆和额颞叶痴呆)。

在过去的二十年里,一些基于人口的研究报告了中国老年人中MCI的患病率,患病率从5%到28%不等。MCI患病率的范围很广,部分原因是研究人群的人口学特征不同,以及用于定义MCI的神经心理学测试和操作标准不同。

以前的研究大多以受教育程度较高或社会经济地位较高的城市人口为对象,而来自农村人口的数据则很稀少。此外,中国的大多数流行病学研究只使用简单的认知筛查测试来定义MCI,如迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA),而标准的神经心理学测试组合很少被用来定义MCI和MCI的亚型。因此,中国MCI的流行病学数据可能无法与那些采用基于指南的方法来定义MCI及其亚型的研究相比较。事实上,简单的认知筛查工具和全面的神经心理学测试电池都被推荐用于评估和定义MCI的实践指南。此外,目前的指南建议,MCI的诊断应最终基于对认知功能和功能状态的临床评估,而不是仅仅基于特定的测试分数。综上所述,关于中国老年人MCI的流行病学和主要MCI亚型的知识仍然是空白,特别是在农村居住的老年人中,MCI和MCI亚型的定义是按照国际标准的标准。

藉此,山东大学的Lin Cong等人,在这项以社区为基础的中国农村老年人的研究中,并采用标准的方法来定义MCI和MCI亚型,将神经心理学评估与临床诊断共识相结合。

核心目的是:
(1)确定MCI、aMCI和naMCI的患病率;
(2)研究MCI及其亚型与人口统计学特征、生活方式、临床因素和脂蛋白E(APOE)基因型的横断面关联。

这项基于人口的研究包括5068名居住在农村社区的参与者(年龄≥60岁)。

他们按照Petersen的标准定义了MCI、失忆性MCI(aMCI)和非失忆性MCI(naMCI),该标准将神经心理学评估与亲自临床评估结合起来。

他们发现:MCI、aMCI和naMCI的总流行率分别为26.48%、22.30%和4.18%。MCI的发病率随年龄增长而增加。

调整后的MCI概率(OR)为:小学(相对于文盲)0.71(95%置信区间[CI]0.61至0.82),初中或以上0.30(0.24至0.39),1.35(1.09至1. 67)为农民,0.65(0.54至0.78)为饮酒,1.43(1.20至1.70)为中风史,1.14(0.95至1.36)为任何脂蛋白E(APOE)ε4等位基因(vs ε3/ε3)。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:在中国,超过四分之一的农村老年人受到MCI的影响。总体而言,MCI与人口统计学因素、非酒精消费和中风有关,但与APOE基因型和心脏代谢因素无关。

原文出处:

[Cong L, Ren Y, Wang Y, et al. Mild cognitive impairment among rural‐dwelling older adults in China: A community‐based study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online March 9, 2022:alz.12629. doi:10.1002/alz.12629](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12629)

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    2022-08-05 anminleiryan
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    2022-03-28 daviiliu

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在我国临床应用超过三十年的历程中,二甲双胍不仅在糖尿病治疗上显示出卓越的效果,近年来的研究发现,它还可能拥有一系列令人兴奋的新用途。

【论著】基于7. 0 T磁共振成像及体素形态学测量对脑小血管病灰质体积变化及其与认知障碍的相关性研究

本研究应用7. 0T MRI及VBM技术,探索CSVD认知障碍患者灰质体积改变脑区及与其相关的受损认知域。

中年高血压,晚年易痴呆!这5类心血管疾病都可能导致认知障碍

我国60岁及以上人群中痴呆的总患病率为6.0%,约有1507万痴呆患者;轻度认知障碍的患病率为15.5%,约有3877万MCI患者。

Mol. Psychiatry: (R)-氯胺酮可恢复社交隔离饲养小鼠的前岛叶皮质活动和认知缺陷

这篇研究结果表明,R-氯胺酮通过恢复aIC功能,有效地干预了社会认知缺陷,说明R-氯胺酮在治疗上具有广阔的潜力。

JAMA Netw Open: 5%-10%的痴呆患者可能存在未确诊的肝硬化,而肝硬化可能是导致整体认知障碍的重要因素

FIB-4 应被视为一种筛查工具,用于检测患有痴呆症的老年退伍军人是否患有肝硬化和潜在的HE,FIB-4 高分者(如>2.67)应考虑进一步评估和治疗。

Lancet Healthy Longev:中风后认知障碍和痴呆症的风险因素

本文结果强调了中风后急性期认知障碍对PSCI和PSD的长期预测的重要性。可治疗的风险因素包括糖尿病、心房颤动和脑小血管疾病的标志物(即白质高强度和缺陷)。

2023 国际指南:体力活动和锻炼用于轻度认知障碍和痴呆的预防和管理

国外神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2023-09-28

痴呆患者睡眠障碍管理的最佳证据总结

江苏医药职业学院 · 2023-03-22

痴呆诊断中PET临床合理化应用中国专家共识(2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

痴呆诊断中 PET 临床合理化应用中国专家共识 (2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

中药新药用于痴呆的临床研究技术指导原则(征求意见稿)

国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心(CDE) · 2019-10-31