J Comp Eff Res:替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷在东亚ACS患者中的比较:一项随机试验的meta分析

2017-11-08 佚名 国际循环

在亚太地区,急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)是导致患者死亡的主要原因。2014 年中国心血管疾病报告显示,农村缺血性心血管疾病(CVD)的相关死亡率约为44.8%,城市约为41.9%,且ACS发病率呈上升趋势。CVD发病率的急剧增加导致经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)广泛应用,而氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林的双联抗血小板(DAPT)治疗策略就成为ACS或PCI术后患者管理的基石。

在亚太地区,急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)是导致患者死亡的主要原因。2014 年中国心血管疾病报告显示,农村缺血性心血管疾病(CVD)的相关死亡率约为44.8%,城市约为41.9%,且ACS发病率呈上升趋势。CVD发病率的急剧增加导致经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)广泛应用,而氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林的双联抗血小板(DAPT)治疗策略就成为ACS或PCI术后患者管理的基石。

替格瑞洛是一种新型P2Y12受体拮抗剂,欧洲心脏病学会和美国心脏协会近年更新了相关指南,推荐替格瑞洛用于ACS或行PCI术患者的DAPT治疗,这也是东亚心脏病学专家推荐替格瑞洛治疗的关键证据。然而,越来越多的证据表明,与西方人群相比,东亚ACS或行PCI人群的血小板反应活性不一致,出血和缺血风险也有较大的不同(东亚悖论)。因此,在东亚患者考虑新型P2Y12受体拮抗剂治疗策略之前,必须找出明确的东亚地区的循证证据。为了在管理ACS患者时,采用“个体化的抗血小板治疗”策略而非“根据指南一刀切的抗血小板治疗”策略,Bin Wu等学者基于东亚ACS患者进行了一项随机试验的meta分析,以比较替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷的临床效用,该研究于2017年11月发表于J Comp Eff Res杂志。

研究基本信息

研究者检索了Pubmed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、维普、万方、中国知网(CNKI)数据库中相关研究以及中国临床试验注册中心的临床试验,检索日期截止到2016年7月26日,经筛选纳入符合标准的RCT研究。最终纳入2项高质量研究进行分析,共包含1352例参与者(679例给予替格瑞洛治疗,673例给予氯吡格雷治疗)。主要研究终点为全因死亡率、MACEs(复合终点包括心血管疾病、卒中心肌梗死导致的死亡)、心肌梗死(MI)、心血管死亡、卒中、大出血事件。

氯吡格雷和替格瑞洛临床疗效相当:MACEs、MI、卒中、CVD导致的死亡、全因死亡率无显着差异

研究结果显示,氯吡格雷和替格瑞洛治疗疗效相当:MACEs 风险无显着差异(8.69% vs. 7.88%,RR=1.08,95%CI:0.62~1.91,P=0.7260),见图1;MI无显着差异(5.3% vs. 4.3%,RR=1.20,95%CI:0.64~2.24,P=0.5669),见图2A;卒中(1.62% vs. 1.49%,RR=1.11,95%CI:0.46~2.66,P=0.8165)和心血管死亡(2.80% vs. 3.12%,RR=0.89,95%CI:0.48~1.65,P=0.7150)无显着差异,见图2B和2C;全因死亡率也无显着差异(2.94% vs. 3.27%,RR=0.92,95%CI:0.43~1.96,P=0.8252),见图2D。



图1. 氯吡格雷 vs. 替格瑞洛用于东亚ACS患者的主要不良心血管事件
注:MACEs:主要不良心血管事件



图2.氯吡格雷 vs. 替格瑞洛在 ACS 患者临床试验中的有效性结果

氯吡格雷临床安全性显着优于替格瑞洛:大出血事件显着更少

研究结果显示,替格瑞洛治疗组的患者大出血发生率显着增多(9.4% vs. 6.3%,RR=1.48,95%CI:1.01~2.16,P=0.0430),见图3A;且替格瑞洛治疗组的患者非CABG(冠状动脉旁路移植术)相关的大出血发生率显着增多(6.49% vs. 4.01%,RR=1.62,95%CI:1.01~2.60,P=0.0454),见图 3B。



图3. 氯吡格雷 vs. 替格瑞洛在 ACS 患者临床试验中的安全性结果森林图
注:CABG : 冠状动脉旁路移植术

P2Y12受体拮抗剂的安全性是临床医生和患者关心的问题,尤其是大出血方面。早期 meta 分析结果显示[9-12],出血风险并未因P2Y12受体拮抗剂种类不同而不同,但这些meta分析纳入的患者大多来自西方国家。而该meta分析主要针对东亚患者,结果显示,相比于氯吡格雷,替格瑞洛大出血发生风险增加48%、非CABG相关的大出血发生风险增加 62%,且P值均小于 0.05。

综上所述,该meta分析显示,在东亚ACS患者中,氯吡格雷与替格瑞洛降低缺血事件风险的疗效相当,但替格瑞洛的大出血发生率显着增加。因此,在东亚ACS患者进行抗血小板治疗时,应谨慎评估各种药物的出血/缺血风险,权衡其风险获益比。若考虑到两种药物的治疗成本,则氯吡格雷更为理想。未来仍需进一步的高质量的东亚人群研究来比较两种药物的安全性和有效性,并探讨合适的药物剂量范围。

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    2018-02-13 docwu2019
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    2018-05-24 guojianrong
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    2017-11-10 yaanren
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既往研究显示,在心梗患者早期的1-3年,替格瑞洛联合低剂量阿司匹林(ASA)比单独的低剂量阿司匹林治疗能显著降低患者的心血管死亡、中风和心梗,但是出血的风险也相应增加。近日,在国际心血管权威杂志JACC上发表了一篇旨在评估替格瑞洛联合低剂量阿司匹林治疗心梗的成本-效益情况。本研究利用PEGASUS-TIMI 54临床试验中的数据,将21162名心梗患者随机分配至单独ASA组、替格瑞洛一日两次60m

Circulation:急性缺血性卒中或TIA:替格瑞洛or阿司匹林?

2017年9月,发表在《Circulation》的一项研究分析了SOCRATES研究(苏格拉底研究:阿司匹林或替格瑞洛治疗的急性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作和患者结局)中,短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或急性缺血性卒中(AIS)后替格瑞洛vs阿司匹林治疗的患者的大出血风险。

中国循环杂志:郑大一院学者研究显示,多索茶碱可有效治疗替格瑞洛所致呼吸困难,且不影响抗血小板效应

随着替格瑞洛在临床的广泛应用,与其相关的呼吸困难也越来越引起关注。近期郑州大学附属第一医院韩战营等研究发现,对于这类患者给予多索茶碱治疗呼吸困难有效,而且不影响替格瑞洛抗血小板聚集作用。

JACC:既往MI患者中替格瑞洛的有效性和安全性会随时间改变吗?

2017年9月,发表在《J Am Coll Cardiol》上的一项PEGASUS-TIMI54试验,调查了既往心肌梗死(MI)患者中替格瑞洛随着时间的有效性和安全性。试验结果表明:具有MI史的患者在MI后的5年之久仍然具有心血管(CV)、MI和卒中的高风险。低剂量替格瑞洛的有效性随着时间保持一致,并具有较少过度出血的趋势。

Br J Clin Pharmacol:NSTE-ACS合并CKD:替格瑞洛vs氯吡格雷

2017年9月,发表在《Br J Clin Pharmacol》上的一项单中心、前瞻性、随机临床试验,探究了替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷在非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)合并慢性肾疾病(CKD)患者中的药物代谢动力学和药效学。试验结果表明:替格瑞洛的血小板抑制功能更显着。

湘雅公卫学者Meta分析:对于接受冠脉介入治疗的患者,替格瑞洛能否替代氯吡格雷?

中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院学者在本刊发表的一项Meta分析表明,对于接受经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性冠脉综合征患者,与氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛这种新型抗血小板药物可降低主要不良心血管事件、心肌梗死、支架内血栓形成和卒中的发生率,但出血及呼吸困难的发生风险较高。