JNNP:颈动脉夹层术后急性期的抗血栓治疗,意大利年轻人颈动脉夹层卒中研究

2022-06-11 网络 网络

颈动脉夹层(CeAD)是年轻人和中年人缺血性中风最常见的病因,有关其治疗选择的数据相当不一致。根据大量观察性研究和最近两项随机临床试验的汇总结果,通常建议在疾病的急性期使用抗凝剂或抗血小板,以预防原发

颈动脉夹层(CeAD)是年轻人和中年人缺血性中风最常见的病因,有关其治疗选择的数据相当不一致。根据大量观察性研究和最近两项随机临床试验的汇总结果,通常建议在疾病的急性期使用抗凝剂或抗血小板,以预防原发性或复发性缺血事件。相反,疾病急性期后抗血栓治疗的适应症以及治疗持续时间定义不清。这种不确定性部分取决于这样一个事实,即与其他病因亚型脑缺血不同,自发性CeAD后很久发生中风的风险较低(年发生率为1%-3%),而症状性复发性解剖的风险较低,尽管有一些显著的例外,但总的来说,风险更低(约为0.3%-1.3%),这使得难以为不同治疗方法之间的比较分析收集大量数据。

目前为止,由于缺乏数据,无法建立关于CeAD后如何管理长期抗血栓药物的正式指南。因此,选择合适的治疗方案以及治疗持续时间是基于经验论证,并根据具体情况作出决定。抗血小板药物,尤其是阿司匹林,已在大多数患者中使用,超过了疾病的急性期,并且在没有明确理由或任何明确期限的情况下停止抗凝治疗。一些作者建议,在急性事件发生后6-12个月内,对于解剖动脉完全再通且无复发症状的患者,应停止使用抗血栓药物。然而,没有令人信服的证据表明残余狭窄、闭塞或夹层动脉瘤患者缺血复发的风险增加。总的来说,显然需要关于二级预防战略长期效果的流行病学数据。因此,在本研究中,旨在探讨抗血栓治疗对CeAD患者长期预后的影响,该多中心项目包括迄今为止报道的最大系列之一。具体目的是研究在急性期后继续服用抗血小板药物或口服抗凝剂的CeAD患者与在随访期间中断抗血栓治疗的患者之间,脑缺血的风险是否存在差异本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上()。

在意大利多中心年轻人颈动脉夹层卒中项目的一组CeAD患者中,比较了停止抗血栓治疗的患者和在随访期间继续服用抗血栓药物的患者的急性后(自CeAD指数起超过6个月)结果。主要转归是缺血性卒中和短暂性缺血性发作的综合结果。次要转归为(1)解剖血管同侧脑缺血和(2)复发性CeAD。通过倾向评分(PS)方法评估与兴趣结果的相关性。t随访评估在初始事件发生大约6个月后进行,然后每年进行一次。9主要预后指标是急性事件后的任何脑缺血(缺血性中风或TIA)。如果发生>1个事件,则第一个事件用于计算无病生存时间。次要转归指标为:(1)复发性CeAD和(2)与CeAD指数同侧的任何脑缺血。对于椎动脉夹层,同侧事件被定义为椎基底动脉区域的事件。关于急性期最合适的治疗以及随访期间抗血栓治疗的类型和持续时间的任何决定都由治疗医生决定。

研究流程

在1390名患者中,有201名(14.4%)患者停止了抗血栓治疗,这些患者的数据可用于结果分析(没有出现结果事件的患者的平均随访时间为36.0个月(第25-75百分位,62.0))。主要转归发生在CeAD急性期后的48例患者中。在PS匹配样本(201对201)中,服用抗血栓药物的患者的主要转归发生率与随访期间停用抗血栓药物的患者的主要转归发生率具有可比性(5.0%对4.5%;p(对数秩检验)=0.526),同侧脑缺血(4.5%vs 2.5%;p(对数秩检验)=0.132)和复发性CeAD(1.0%vs 1.5%;p(对数秩检验)=0.798)的次要转归发生率也是如此。

在倾向评分(PS)匹配样本的指数事件发生后的前6个月内,接受抗血小板药物治疗的患者与接受抗凝剂治疗的患者之间复发性脑缺血(缺血性中风或TIA)累积风险的Kaplan-Meier曲线(593 vs 593)

关于CeAD患者的纵向数据以及这些病例中长期预防脑缺血的适当治疗方案的纵向数据缺乏且不一致。本研究结果证实,急性CeAD后很久发生的脑缺血是一种罕见的事件(总体而言,每年约0.22%;自CeAD发生后的前6个月后,每年约0.17%。(1)在临床实践中,意大利转诊学术和社区医院的中风医生认为,在约15%的病例中,急性期后停止抗血栓治疗是适当的预防策略,(2)这种方法在随访期间不会明显增加脑缺血事件的风险,这似乎,相反,主要受其他因素的影响,如患者一级亲属中的中风家族史。尚未有对照试验或观察性研究比较不同抗血栓治疗方案对CeAD患者纵向分析的影响。相当大的长期序列很少,其中大多数没有收集用于二次卒中预防的抗血栓治疗数据或没有将此变量输入多变量回归模型,只比较抗血小板和抗凝剂,或在临床终点中没有考虑与CeAD无关的复发性脑缺血。少数研究报告了一些关于停止长期抗血栓预防治疗的信息,间接证实临床医生在日常实践中经常选择这种治疗策略,然而,病例数量有限阻碍了对治疗组的任何比较分析。

在CeAD急性期后停止抗血栓治疗似乎不会增加随访期间的脑缺血风险。

Pezzini DGrassi MZedde ML, et al Antithrombotic therapy in the postacute phase of cervical artery dissection: the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection

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    2022-06-20 feifers
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    2022-06-13 海阔天空Sin

    好复杂的结局事件!

    0

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    2022-06-12 gwc388

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