Nature :突破!植物合成秋水仙碱路径被揭示,可在烟草中人工合成前体!

2020-07-29 潜心者 iNature

秋水仙碱是一种生物碱,已被用于治疗炎性疾病已有数百年之久,甚至有数千年的历史,现被FDA批准用于治疗痛风和家族性地中海热的急性病。

Nature杂志在线发表了来自美国斯坦福大学Elizabeth S. Sattely课题组题为“Discovery and engineering of colchicine alkaloid biosynthesis”的研究论文。

该研究结合了转录组学和代谢组学阐明了嘉兰(乎秋水仙科)近完整的秋水仙碱生物合成途径。并且进一步通过基因工程在烟草中实现从苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸开始合成秋水仙碱前体的生物合成途径。因此,该研究为秋水仙碱建立了一条代谢途径,并为植物用于从简单氨基酸生成复杂的生物活性代谢物的独特化学方法提供了见识。

秋水仙碱是一种生物碱,已被用于治疗炎性疾病已有数百年之久,甚至有数千年的历史,现被FDA批准用于治疗痛风和家族性地中海热的急性病。之前通过同位数标记预测秋水仙碱的生物合成路径,其中生成的托酚酮环对秋水仙碱的活性至关重要,但是参与整个反应的很多酶仍然还不是很清楚。

之前研究表明秋水仙碱生物合成基因在种子和球茎中等组织中高度富集表达。因此,该研究通过秋水仙的每个组织RNA-seq和代谢组学数据,发现根茎中秋水仙碱和相关代谢产物的含量最高。进一步鉴定了11个候选甲基转移酶基因,8种细胞色素P450酶参与该过程。

最终,该研究中从药用植物嘉兰中鉴定出的八种酶建立了从苯乙基异喹啉底物(1)到N-甲酰基去甲可辛碱(10)的生物合成路线,同时该研究也证实了上述猜测的生物合成途径。

之后,该研究通过基因工程在烟草中共表达16种酶,实现从苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸开始合成秋水仙碱前体N-甲酰基去甲可卡因的生物合成途径,证明了N-甲酰去甲可卡因从头开始的生物合成生产能够在烟草工厂中实现。故该研究结果不仅为秋水仙碱具有特征性的托酚酮骨架提供了一条代谢途径,而且突出了一种加速药用植物天然产物生物合成的发现和工程化的有效策略。

原始出处:

Ryan S Nett, Warren Lau, Elizabeth S Sattely.Discovery and engineering of colchicine alkaloid biosynthesis.Nature. 2020 Jul 22. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2546-8.

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    2021-04-14 xuyong535
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    2020-12-11 医者仁心
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    2020-07-30 mnda
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